MCN 273 FINAL Latest Update 2024-2025 Actual
Exam from Credible Source with 680 Questions
and 100% Verified Detailed Correct Answers
Guaranteed A+ Approved by Professor
"Powers" of Labor: Primary - CORRECT ANSWER: Uterine muscular contractions
(myometrial activity - frequency, duration, intensity)
Causes cervical change (dilation, effacement, station)
"Laboring down" (allow for 2-3hrs)
"Powers" of Labor: Secondary - CORRECT ANSWER: Pushing during the second stage
of labor
Coordinate the primary force
1st: Systemic Analgesia - CORRECT ANSWER: Goal is to provide maximum relief with
minimal risk
Medications can cross placenta - safer to give earlier in labor
Consider labor progress and women's medical status
IV or IM, not PO
May cause decreased GI motility, vomiting up of PO medications
Safety first - bedrest, assisted ambulation
Monitor VS, especially respirations, FHR
Typically given opioids, antiemetics, benzodiazepines
FHR may show minimal variability
Only takes the edge off
Works for about 12 hours
Consider where mom is in the labor process
2nd: Regional Analgesia - CORRECT ANSWER: Temporary reversible loss of sensation
,Prevents transmission of nerve impulses
Less risk than general anesthesia - visitor can be present for C/S delivery
Pain relief, not pressure release
Does not cross placenta
Types - epidural, spinal, pudendal block
Small catheter stays in place to re-dose analgesia, can also be used for C/S
3rd: Un-medicated Labor - CORRECT ANSWER: Nursing/doula labor support
Water-birth/hydrotherapy
Ambulation/position change
Birthing aids - squat bar, birthing ball, birthing stool
Massage
Heat/cold
Visualization
Breathing techniques
Sterile water injections (provide 1-2hrs of relief, helpful for back labor)
Advantages - patient autonomy and empowerment, least pharmaceutical transfer to
fetus, natural experience, most mobile during labor, family involvement
Disadvantages - requires preparation and support
Abruptio Placentae - CORRECT ANSWER: Premature separation fo placenta from
uterine wall after 20 weeks prior to birth
Caused by decreased blood flow/degenerative changes in placenta vessels =
retroplacental clots of possible rupture = separation
Abruptio Placentae: Classifications - CORRECT ANSWER: Partial or complete
Partial apparent
Partial concealed
Complete concealed
,Grade 1-3 depending on severity (grade 3 more emergent)
Can also be chronic, slow bleed
Abruptio Placentae: Fetal Complications - CORRECT ANSWER: Prematurity
Anemia
Hypoxia
Mortality with greater placental separation
Abruptio Placentae: Maternal Complications - CORRECT ANSWER: Depends on
severity of bleed and time between separation and birth
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) = large amounts of clotting factors used
up at placental site = not enough everywhere else
Shock resulting from moderate to severe hemorrhage
Possible hysterectomy if can't control the bleeding
Abruptio Placentae: Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWER: Maternal HTN
Trauma
Uterine over distention
PPROM
Cocaine abuse
Chorio
Abruptio Placentae: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: Painful, dark red bleeding
Abruptio Placentae: Therapy - CORRECT ANSWER: Coagulation tests
Maintain cardiovascular status of mother - hemodynamic monitoring, urine output, labs,
IV x2, type and cross match
EFM for uterine pattern (tachysystole present)
Birth method depends on maternal/fetal condition - NSVD if mom is dilating and baby
can withstand it, otherwise emergency C/S, fluid/volume replacement
, Accelerations - CORRECT ANSWER: 15x15
Accelerations - CORRECT ANSWER: Abrupt increase at least 15bpm above FHR
baseline for at least 15sec
May be associated with fetal movement
Sign of fetal wellbeing and adequate oxygenation
After Sperm Entry - CORRECT ANSWER: Zone pellucida blocks more sperm from
entering
Sex of zygote is determined
Afterpains - CORRECT ANSWER: Intermittent UCs that cause involution
More common in multiparas
Multips have a larger uterus from multiple babies
Lost muscle tone can cause severe pain
Oxytocic agents are released when breastfeeding which may make afterpains worse
Tx with ibuprofen, warm water bottle
Alcohol Use in Pregnancy: Fetal Effects - CORRECT ANSWER: Withdrawal
FASD
Physical, behavioral, and cognitive effects
Long term complications include delay in oral feeding, CNS dysfunction, learning
disabilities, impulsivity, cognitive and speech impairment
Alcohol Use in Pregnancy: Maternal Effects - CORRECT ANSWER: Maternal Effects:
malnutrition, bone-marrow suppression, increased infections, liver disease,
withdrawal/DTs
There is *no known safe amount of alcohol for pregnancy*
Exam from Credible Source with 680 Questions
and 100% Verified Detailed Correct Answers
Guaranteed A+ Approved by Professor
"Powers" of Labor: Primary - CORRECT ANSWER: Uterine muscular contractions
(myometrial activity - frequency, duration, intensity)
Causes cervical change (dilation, effacement, station)
"Laboring down" (allow for 2-3hrs)
"Powers" of Labor: Secondary - CORRECT ANSWER: Pushing during the second stage
of labor
Coordinate the primary force
1st: Systemic Analgesia - CORRECT ANSWER: Goal is to provide maximum relief with
minimal risk
Medications can cross placenta - safer to give earlier in labor
Consider labor progress and women's medical status
IV or IM, not PO
May cause decreased GI motility, vomiting up of PO medications
Safety first - bedrest, assisted ambulation
Monitor VS, especially respirations, FHR
Typically given opioids, antiemetics, benzodiazepines
FHR may show minimal variability
Only takes the edge off
Works for about 12 hours
Consider where mom is in the labor process
2nd: Regional Analgesia - CORRECT ANSWER: Temporary reversible loss of sensation
,Prevents transmission of nerve impulses
Less risk than general anesthesia - visitor can be present for C/S delivery
Pain relief, not pressure release
Does not cross placenta
Types - epidural, spinal, pudendal block
Small catheter stays in place to re-dose analgesia, can also be used for C/S
3rd: Un-medicated Labor - CORRECT ANSWER: Nursing/doula labor support
Water-birth/hydrotherapy
Ambulation/position change
Birthing aids - squat bar, birthing ball, birthing stool
Massage
Heat/cold
Visualization
Breathing techniques
Sterile water injections (provide 1-2hrs of relief, helpful for back labor)
Advantages - patient autonomy and empowerment, least pharmaceutical transfer to
fetus, natural experience, most mobile during labor, family involvement
Disadvantages - requires preparation and support
Abruptio Placentae - CORRECT ANSWER: Premature separation fo placenta from
uterine wall after 20 weeks prior to birth
Caused by decreased blood flow/degenerative changes in placenta vessels =
retroplacental clots of possible rupture = separation
Abruptio Placentae: Classifications - CORRECT ANSWER: Partial or complete
Partial apparent
Partial concealed
Complete concealed
,Grade 1-3 depending on severity (grade 3 more emergent)
Can also be chronic, slow bleed
Abruptio Placentae: Fetal Complications - CORRECT ANSWER: Prematurity
Anemia
Hypoxia
Mortality with greater placental separation
Abruptio Placentae: Maternal Complications - CORRECT ANSWER: Depends on
severity of bleed and time between separation and birth
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) = large amounts of clotting factors used
up at placental site = not enough everywhere else
Shock resulting from moderate to severe hemorrhage
Possible hysterectomy if can't control the bleeding
Abruptio Placentae: Risk Factors - CORRECT ANSWER: Maternal HTN
Trauma
Uterine over distention
PPROM
Cocaine abuse
Chorio
Abruptio Placentae: S/S - CORRECT ANSWER: Painful, dark red bleeding
Abruptio Placentae: Therapy - CORRECT ANSWER: Coagulation tests
Maintain cardiovascular status of mother - hemodynamic monitoring, urine output, labs,
IV x2, type and cross match
EFM for uterine pattern (tachysystole present)
Birth method depends on maternal/fetal condition - NSVD if mom is dilating and baby
can withstand it, otherwise emergency C/S, fluid/volume replacement
, Accelerations - CORRECT ANSWER: 15x15
Accelerations - CORRECT ANSWER: Abrupt increase at least 15bpm above FHR
baseline for at least 15sec
May be associated with fetal movement
Sign of fetal wellbeing and adequate oxygenation
After Sperm Entry - CORRECT ANSWER: Zone pellucida blocks more sperm from
entering
Sex of zygote is determined
Afterpains - CORRECT ANSWER: Intermittent UCs that cause involution
More common in multiparas
Multips have a larger uterus from multiple babies
Lost muscle tone can cause severe pain
Oxytocic agents are released when breastfeeding which may make afterpains worse
Tx with ibuprofen, warm water bottle
Alcohol Use in Pregnancy: Fetal Effects - CORRECT ANSWER: Withdrawal
FASD
Physical, behavioral, and cognitive effects
Long term complications include delay in oral feeding, CNS dysfunction, learning
disabilities, impulsivity, cognitive and speech impairment
Alcohol Use in Pregnancy: Maternal Effects - CORRECT ANSWER: Maternal Effects:
malnutrition, bone-marrow suppression, increased infections, liver disease,
withdrawal/DTs
There is *no known safe amount of alcohol for pregnancy*
