1
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
______ is genetic material
_______ is a virus that infects DNA
bacteria with its genetic material
phage = ____ + _____ protein and DNA
________ is the rule which
suggested that nucleotides pair chargaff's rule
with eachother.
A _____ group is at the 5' end of a
phosphate
DNA molecule
A _____ group is at the 3' end of a
OH
DNA molecule.
cytosine and thymine make up the
pyrimadine
_______ group
guanine and adenine make up the
purine
_______ group
Watson and crick's DNA model is a
double helix, antiparallel
_____ _____ and runs _______.
Replication in _________ cells have prokaryotes
a single origin like a replication
,2
bubble.
Replication in ________ has many
origins because it has linear eukaryotes
chromosomes.
DNA replication occurs in the ___ to
5' to 3'
___ direction
_______ is the enzyme responsible
for unwinding the DNA before helicase
replication.
_______ is the enzyme responsible
primase
for synthesizing the RNA primer
the __________ in DNA replication
leading strand
has only one priming event.
the __________ in DNA replication
lagging strand
has numerous priming events.
because the lagging strand is
discontinuous, DNA is replicated in okazaki fragments
peieces called ________ ________.
the gaps left in the lagging strand of
DNA replication are filled by DNA polymerase I, ligase
_______ and sealed by _______.
________ is the enzyme that fills
the gap at the end of a DNA strand telomerase
after DNA replication.
the _____ is the area on a DNA primer
strand where the DNA polymerase
,3
starts replication
_______ are inherited traits. phenotypes
DNA is ______ into pre-mRNA
which is ________ into preRNA
transcribed, processed, translated
which is ________ into a protein,
which turns into a trait
______ and _____ occur in the
transcription and processing,
nucleus, while _____ occurs in the
translation
cytoplasm.
_______ ______ ______ is used to
DNA template strand
transcribe mRNA
-RNA is single stranded.
difference between RNA and DNA
-RNA has uracil instead of thymine.
the start codon is ____ and it codes
ATG (or AUG), methionine
for ________.
the three ____ ____ do not code
stop codons
for an amino acid
______ or synthesis happens in
elongation
transcription.
the _____ _____ is the binding site
TATA box
for transcription factors
_____ _____ bring RNA polymerase
transcription factors
II to the promoter
during transcription, the DNA 3' to 5', 5' to 3'
template strand is read __ to __
, 4
and RNA is synthesized in the __ to
__ direction
the function of the 5' cap and 3' protect the strand when it leaves
poly-a tail is to ___ the nucleus
an _____ is a series of nucleotides
intron
that are useless
______ is the process of removing
spliciing
introns
in _______ a cell intercepts a
genetic message and builds a translation
polypeptide chain
the job of a tRNA is to transfer amino acids from the
______________ cytoplasm to a ribosome
tRNA is made from ______ ____ DNA templates
the spicing reaction is done by a
spliceosome
________
a spliceosome consists of ______
RNA and protein
and ______
tRNA is connected to a specific
amnio acid by ___________ amnioacyl-tRNA synthetase
_______
the ________ is the protein
ribosome
synthesis machine.
mRNA is read in the __ to __
5' to 3'
direction
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
NEWEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM 200 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
______ is genetic material
_______ is a virus that infects DNA
bacteria with its genetic material
phage = ____ + _____ protein and DNA
________ is the rule which
suggested that nucleotides pair chargaff's rule
with eachother.
A _____ group is at the 5' end of a
phosphate
DNA molecule
A _____ group is at the 3' end of a
OH
DNA molecule.
cytosine and thymine make up the
pyrimadine
_______ group
guanine and adenine make up the
purine
_______ group
Watson and crick's DNA model is a
double helix, antiparallel
_____ _____ and runs _______.
Replication in _________ cells have prokaryotes
a single origin like a replication
,2
bubble.
Replication in ________ has many
origins because it has linear eukaryotes
chromosomes.
DNA replication occurs in the ___ to
5' to 3'
___ direction
_______ is the enzyme responsible
for unwinding the DNA before helicase
replication.
_______ is the enzyme responsible
primase
for synthesizing the RNA primer
the __________ in DNA replication
leading strand
has only one priming event.
the __________ in DNA replication
lagging strand
has numerous priming events.
because the lagging strand is
discontinuous, DNA is replicated in okazaki fragments
peieces called ________ ________.
the gaps left in the lagging strand of
DNA replication are filled by DNA polymerase I, ligase
_______ and sealed by _______.
________ is the enzyme that fills
the gap at the end of a DNA strand telomerase
after DNA replication.
the _____ is the area on a DNA primer
strand where the DNA polymerase
,3
starts replication
_______ are inherited traits. phenotypes
DNA is ______ into pre-mRNA
which is ________ into preRNA
transcribed, processed, translated
which is ________ into a protein,
which turns into a trait
______ and _____ occur in the
transcription and processing,
nucleus, while _____ occurs in the
translation
cytoplasm.
_______ ______ ______ is used to
DNA template strand
transcribe mRNA
-RNA is single stranded.
difference between RNA and DNA
-RNA has uracil instead of thymine.
the start codon is ____ and it codes
ATG (or AUG), methionine
for ________.
the three ____ ____ do not code
stop codons
for an amino acid
______ or synthesis happens in
elongation
transcription.
the _____ _____ is the binding site
TATA box
for transcription factors
_____ _____ bring RNA polymerase
transcription factors
II to the promoter
during transcription, the DNA 3' to 5', 5' to 3'
template strand is read __ to __
, 4
and RNA is synthesized in the __ to
__ direction
the function of the 5' cap and 3' protect the strand when it leaves
poly-a tail is to ___ the nucleus
an _____ is a series of nucleotides
intron
that are useless
______ is the process of removing
spliciing
introns
in _______ a cell intercepts a
genetic message and builds a translation
polypeptide chain
the job of a tRNA is to transfer amino acids from the
______________ cytoplasm to a ribosome
tRNA is made from ______ ____ DNA templates
the spicing reaction is done by a
spliceosome
________
a spliceosome consists of ______
RNA and protein
and ______
tRNA is connected to a specific
amnio acid by ___________ amnioacyl-tRNA synthetase
_______
the ________ is the protein
ribosome
synthesis machine.
mRNA is read in the __ to __
5' to 3'
direction
