Nursing III Final Review Question Guide
Module 10 review:
1. What is hepatitis? Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver.
a. Who is at risk for:
i. Hepatitis A: Individuals living with infected people, sex partners of
infected people, traveling to other countries
ii. Hepatitis B: Health care workers or people exposed to blood and body
fluids, inmates in prisons, drug users, multiple sex partners, hemodialysis
patients, recipients of clotting factor concentrates
iii. Hepatitis C: IV drug users, recipients of blood products or tissue
transplants before 1992, tattoos and piercings
iv. Hepatitis D: "Same as Hepatitis B"
b. What vaccinations are available?
c. What are the causes of hepatitis?
▪ Hepatitis A: Fecal/oral route, contaminated food or water
▪ Hepatitis B: Body fluids (semen, saliva, vaginal), blood through skin and
mucous membranes
▪ Hepatitis C: Blood and plasma through skin and mucous membranes
▪ What is the most common cause? IV Drug use, multiple sex partners
d. What abnormal lab values are expected with hepatitis?
o Liver Enzyme Assessments:
▪ Include albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate
transaminase (also known as AST or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
[SGOT]), and alanine transaminase (also known as ALT, glutamic pyruvate
transaminase [GPT], or serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]).
Further testing could include prothrombin time (PT) after receiving vitamin K,
gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), ammonia (NH3), amylase, viral studies
for hepatitis antigens, isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), copper, and iron.
▪ Liver enzymes can be elevated with conditions such as diabetes, obesity,
autoimmune disorders, some viral infections (especially hepatitis), and
some genetic diseases.
▪ Prothrombin and hemoglobin prior to liver biopsy
o How are fluid and electrolyte balances affected?
o Are there any treatments specific to the abnormal labs?
e. What other diagnostics are available for hepatitis?
i. What risks are associated with any of these diagnostics?
,f. There is a lot of focus on chronic hepatitis, but what types of hepatitis are acute
and evolve through the three phases of hepatitis?
▪ Acute Hepatitis:
• Acute viral hepatitis occurs in the initial period after infection
and symptoms are clinically similar for all viral types.
•
▪ Three phases and Signs/Symptoms:
,
Module 10 review:
1. What is hepatitis? Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver.
a. Who is at risk for:
i. Hepatitis A: Individuals living with infected people, sex partners of
infected people, traveling to other countries
ii. Hepatitis B: Health care workers or people exposed to blood and body
fluids, inmates in prisons, drug users, multiple sex partners, hemodialysis
patients, recipients of clotting factor concentrates
iii. Hepatitis C: IV drug users, recipients of blood products or tissue
transplants before 1992, tattoos and piercings
iv. Hepatitis D: "Same as Hepatitis B"
b. What vaccinations are available?
c. What are the causes of hepatitis?
▪ Hepatitis A: Fecal/oral route, contaminated food or water
▪ Hepatitis B: Body fluids (semen, saliva, vaginal), blood through skin and
mucous membranes
▪ Hepatitis C: Blood and plasma through skin and mucous membranes
▪ What is the most common cause? IV Drug use, multiple sex partners
d. What abnormal lab values are expected with hepatitis?
o Liver Enzyme Assessments:
▪ Include albumin, total and direct bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate
transaminase (also known as AST or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
[SGOT]), and alanine transaminase (also known as ALT, glutamic pyruvate
transaminase [GPT], or serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]).
Further testing could include prothrombin time (PT) after receiving vitamin K,
gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), ammonia (NH3), amylase, viral studies
for hepatitis antigens, isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD), copper, and iron.
▪ Liver enzymes can be elevated with conditions such as diabetes, obesity,
autoimmune disorders, some viral infections (especially hepatitis), and
some genetic diseases.
▪ Prothrombin and hemoglobin prior to liver biopsy
o How are fluid and electrolyte balances affected?
o Are there any treatments specific to the abnormal labs?
e. What other diagnostics are available for hepatitis?
i. What risks are associated with any of these diagnostics?
,f. There is a lot of focus on chronic hepatitis, but what types of hepatitis are acute
and evolve through the three phases of hepatitis?
▪ Acute Hepatitis:
• Acute viral hepatitis occurs in the initial period after infection
and symptoms are clinically similar for all viral types.
•
▪ Three phases and Signs/Symptoms:
,
