NM 702 MOD 8 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
A complete set of genes that builds an entire organism.
Define the term "human genome"
Gametes fuse with another cell during reproduction (haploid) non-gamete cells
are diploid.
What is the difference between gamete and non-gamete cells?
An organized profile, or picture, of a person's chromosomes
What is a karyotype?
The inactivated x chromosome in a cell
What is a Barr body?
A sequence of nucleotides that forms part of a chromosome. They act as
instructions to make proteins.
What is the definition and function of a gene?
Transcription factors affect the transcription of proteins and activate certain
genes and repress others
What determines which genes are active ("switched on")?
one's genetic constitution
Define genotype
observable characteristics of an individual
Define phenotype
The main component of chromosomes that carries genetic information.
,What is DNA?
A double-helix molecule made up of pairs of nucleotides. The order of the
nucleotide pairs forms genes. A strand of DNA coils to form a chromosome.
Describe the structure and function of DNA.
a nucleic acid that carries messages from DNA to make proteins
What is RNA?
Genetic variation within a population. Important because enables natural
selection and variation
Define polymorphism. Why is it important?
When part of a chromosome is missing
What is a chromosomal deletion?
When part of a chromosome occurs twice
What is a chromosomal duplication?
When part of one chromosome is mistakenly attached to another chromosome
What is a chromosomal translocation?
balanced: normal genomic content is preserved but rearranged.
unbalanced: pieces are missing or duplicated entirely.
What is the difference between a balanced translocation and an unbalanced
translocation?
two recessive alleles
What is necessary for an individual to demonstrate an autosomal recessive condition?
Cystic Fibrosis, Gaucher's Disease, PKU
, What are some examples of autosomal recessive disorders?
A disorder that only requires one copy of the gene to be expressed. The chance
that a child will inherit a mutated gene is 50%
What is an autosomal dominant disorder?
Huntington Disease, Marfan Syndrome, adult polycystic kidney disease
What are some examples of autosomal dominant disorders?
males
Who do y-linked traits appear in?
50% - males do not have a second allele to counteract the defective x-linked gene,
so disease occurs
What is the chance that a son of a woman with an x-linked recessive gene abnormality
will be affected?
Many genetic and environmental factors influence the expression of traits.
Examples: height, neural tube defects, hair color
Define and give examples of multifactorial inheritance.
All mitochondria come from the mother via the ovum and are located in the cell's
cytoplasm. They have DNA and can reproduce and be passed on to offspring.
Define mitochondrial inheritance
An individual characteristic (example: eye color, height, freckles, asthma, musical
talent, disease risk, language we speak, music we like). Traits are inherited from
our parents and passed on to our children.
What is a trait?
Genes and environment
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
A complete set of genes that builds an entire organism.
Define the term "human genome"
Gametes fuse with another cell during reproduction (haploid) non-gamete cells
are diploid.
What is the difference between gamete and non-gamete cells?
An organized profile, or picture, of a person's chromosomes
What is a karyotype?
The inactivated x chromosome in a cell
What is a Barr body?
A sequence of nucleotides that forms part of a chromosome. They act as
instructions to make proteins.
What is the definition and function of a gene?
Transcription factors affect the transcription of proteins and activate certain
genes and repress others
What determines which genes are active ("switched on")?
one's genetic constitution
Define genotype
observable characteristics of an individual
Define phenotype
The main component of chromosomes that carries genetic information.
,What is DNA?
A double-helix molecule made up of pairs of nucleotides. The order of the
nucleotide pairs forms genes. A strand of DNA coils to form a chromosome.
Describe the structure and function of DNA.
a nucleic acid that carries messages from DNA to make proteins
What is RNA?
Genetic variation within a population. Important because enables natural
selection and variation
Define polymorphism. Why is it important?
When part of a chromosome is missing
What is a chromosomal deletion?
When part of a chromosome occurs twice
What is a chromosomal duplication?
When part of one chromosome is mistakenly attached to another chromosome
What is a chromosomal translocation?
balanced: normal genomic content is preserved but rearranged.
unbalanced: pieces are missing or duplicated entirely.
What is the difference between a balanced translocation and an unbalanced
translocation?
two recessive alleles
What is necessary for an individual to demonstrate an autosomal recessive condition?
Cystic Fibrosis, Gaucher's Disease, PKU
, What are some examples of autosomal recessive disorders?
A disorder that only requires one copy of the gene to be expressed. The chance
that a child will inherit a mutated gene is 50%
What is an autosomal dominant disorder?
Huntington Disease, Marfan Syndrome, adult polycystic kidney disease
What are some examples of autosomal dominant disorders?
males
Who do y-linked traits appear in?
50% - males do not have a second allele to counteract the defective x-linked gene,
so disease occurs
What is the chance that a son of a woman with an x-linked recessive gene abnormality
will be affected?
Many genetic and environmental factors influence the expression of traits.
Examples: height, neural tube defects, hair color
Define and give examples of multifactorial inheritance.
All mitochondria come from the mother via the ovum and are located in the cell's
cytoplasm. They have DNA and can reproduce and be passed on to offspring.
Define mitochondrial inheritance
An individual characteristic (example: eye color, height, freckles, asthma, musical
talent, disease risk, language we speak, music we like). Traits are inherited from
our parents and passed on to our children.
What is a trait?
Genes and environment
