NM 702 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Why is early diagnosis of pregnancy important?
• Allows for more options for termination
• Allows early entry into prenatal care
• Allows for advising about avoiding teratogens and to minimize exposures
• Allows for appropriate management of preexisting health conditions in manner
most compatible with pregnancy
• Facilitates accurate assessment of gestational age
• Allows for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications
• Allows us to identify problems with fetal growth
• Allows for correct timing of procedures
• Allows us to provide relevant education during pregnancy
Most common symptoms experienced by newly pregnant
women? Presumptive signs examples
• Breast changes
• amenorrhea
• skin changes
• fatigue
• nausea
• sensitivity to smells
,Presumptive signs of pregnancy
-Subjective symptoms & findings perceived by the woman that lead her to believe she is
pregnant.
-Least accurate method of diagnosis.
-Considered suggestive but not diagnostic
What would a provider examine & expect find while gathering more information to
determine whether or not a woman is pregnant?
• Palpate Enlarged uterus
• Check for vaginal signs
• cervical changes
• palpation of fetus
• pregnancy test results
Uterine sizing to date pregnancy
● 6-11 weeks: bimanual exam
● 12-20 weeks: by fingerbreadths
● @ 16 wks 1/2 bet Symphysis pubis & umbilicus
● @ 20 weeks is at umbilicus
● 22-38 weeks: measurement in cms (correlates w/gestational week by +/-2-3 cm)
*important providers in same practice are doing it the same way.
● Plastic or paper tape measure
● Look for Consistency in your measurements of growth
● Obese women may measure larger, look for consistency
What are 3 limitations of using LNMP for estimating gestational age?
,1. Women often don't know their LNMP
2. Even if LNMP is known, this doesn't indicate when ovulation occurred
3. Reliance on LMP tends to under-estimate length of gestation and may lead to over-
diagnosis of post-dates pregnancy
What measurement is most accurate for establishing EDB by ultrasound in the
first trimester (13 6/7 weeks or less)?
Crown rump length (CRL)
What are the margins of error for gestational age accuracy between
1. 6.0 -8.6 weeks?
2. 9.0-13.6 weeks?
3. 14.0-15.6 weeks?
4. 16.0-21.6 weeks?
1. 5 days (CRL),
2. 7 days (CRL) ,
3. 7 days (composite estimation of BPD, FL, AC, HC)
4. 10 days (composite estimation BPD, FL, AC, HC)
Probable signs of pregnancy
Things observed/felt by the provider
Positive signs of pregnancy
findings attributable directly to the fetus and cannot be explained by any other cause
Examples of positive signs of pregnancy
, • Fetal heart activity,
• Fetus seen on ultrasound
• palpation of fetal movement
A woman takes a pregnancy test at home the day she missed her period and it
was negative. What does this mean?
A. She's definitely not pregnant
B. She might be pregnant
C. She is likely pregnant regardless of the result
A. She's definitely not pregnant
B. She might be pregnant
C. She is likely pregnant regardless of the result
hormone do pregnancy tests depend on?
A. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C. The development of the morula
A. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C. The development of the morula
What are the uses for pregnancy tests?
A. Diagnosing pregnancy
B. Dating pregnancy
C. Both diagnosing and dating pregnancy
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Why is early diagnosis of pregnancy important?
• Allows for more options for termination
• Allows early entry into prenatal care
• Allows for advising about avoiding teratogens and to minimize exposures
• Allows for appropriate management of preexisting health conditions in manner
most compatible with pregnancy
• Facilitates accurate assessment of gestational age
• Allows for appropriate diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications
• Allows us to identify problems with fetal growth
• Allows for correct timing of procedures
• Allows us to provide relevant education during pregnancy
Most common symptoms experienced by newly pregnant
women? Presumptive signs examples
• Breast changes
• amenorrhea
• skin changes
• fatigue
• nausea
• sensitivity to smells
,Presumptive signs of pregnancy
-Subjective symptoms & findings perceived by the woman that lead her to believe she is
pregnant.
-Least accurate method of diagnosis.
-Considered suggestive but not diagnostic
What would a provider examine & expect find while gathering more information to
determine whether or not a woman is pregnant?
• Palpate Enlarged uterus
• Check for vaginal signs
• cervical changes
• palpation of fetus
• pregnancy test results
Uterine sizing to date pregnancy
● 6-11 weeks: bimanual exam
● 12-20 weeks: by fingerbreadths
● @ 16 wks 1/2 bet Symphysis pubis & umbilicus
● @ 20 weeks is at umbilicus
● 22-38 weeks: measurement in cms (correlates w/gestational week by +/-2-3 cm)
*important providers in same practice are doing it the same way.
● Plastic or paper tape measure
● Look for Consistency in your measurements of growth
● Obese women may measure larger, look for consistency
What are 3 limitations of using LNMP for estimating gestational age?
,1. Women often don't know their LNMP
2. Even if LNMP is known, this doesn't indicate when ovulation occurred
3. Reliance on LMP tends to under-estimate length of gestation and may lead to over-
diagnosis of post-dates pregnancy
What measurement is most accurate for establishing EDB by ultrasound in the
first trimester (13 6/7 weeks or less)?
Crown rump length (CRL)
What are the margins of error for gestational age accuracy between
1. 6.0 -8.6 weeks?
2. 9.0-13.6 weeks?
3. 14.0-15.6 weeks?
4. 16.0-21.6 weeks?
1. 5 days (CRL),
2. 7 days (CRL) ,
3. 7 days (composite estimation of BPD, FL, AC, HC)
4. 10 days (composite estimation BPD, FL, AC, HC)
Probable signs of pregnancy
Things observed/felt by the provider
Positive signs of pregnancy
findings attributable directly to the fetus and cannot be explained by any other cause
Examples of positive signs of pregnancy
, • Fetal heart activity,
• Fetus seen on ultrasound
• palpation of fetal movement
A woman takes a pregnancy test at home the day she missed her period and it
was negative. What does this mean?
A. She's definitely not pregnant
B. She might be pregnant
C. She is likely pregnant regardless of the result
A. She's definitely not pregnant
B. She might be pregnant
C. She is likely pregnant regardless of the result
hormone do pregnancy tests depend on?
A. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C. The development of the morula
A. Human placental lactogen (hPL)
B. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
C. The development of the morula
What are the uses for pregnancy tests?
A. Diagnosing pregnancy
B. Dating pregnancy
C. Both diagnosing and dating pregnancy
