NM 702 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
What in the blood increases during pregnancy?
(1) WBCs (2) RBCs (3) blood (4) plasma volume
How much does blood volume increase during pregnancy?
30-45%
What stimulates erythropoiesis in pregnancy?
(1) hPL (2) progesterone (3) prolactin
How much do WBCs increase during pregnancy?
8%
How much does hct decrease during pregnancy?
3-5%
How much does hgb decrease during pregnancy?
2-10%
What happens to plasma volume during preeclampsia?
Decreases
What is one thing that cause plasma volume to increase during pregnancy?
Nitric oxide
When does plasma volume start to increase during pregnancy?
6-8 weeks gestation
Why do coagulation factors/hemostasis occur during pregnancy?
,To help prevent hemorrhage
When does fibrinolytic activity start to decrease?
1 hour after childbirth
How much does cardiac output increase during pregnancy?
30-50%
When does most of the cardiac output increase happen?
8 weeks gestation
What happens to maternal heart rate during pregnancy?
Increases (15-20 beats by 32 weeks)
What is the best way to measure blood pressure in a pregnant woman?
Sitting with feet on the floor
When do heart changes start to change in pregnancy?
5 weeks gestation
What causes cardiac output changes?
Increased venous return and increased right ventricular output
If a woman is turned to left side, how much does cardiac output increase?
25%
Where does the increased blood volume go during pregnancy?
(1) uteroplacental circuit (2) other organs (3) breasts (4) cerebral blood flow is not
altered
What happens to blood pressure during pregnancy?
Decreases (reaches nadir mid-pregnancy)
What part of the heart enlarges the most?
,Left atrium
What is it when the vena cava compression causes impaired blood flow return to
the heart and decreases blood pressure; orthostatic stress when changing
positions?
Supine hypotension syndrome
When do you normally see supine hypotension syndrome?
3rd trimester
What are symptoms of supine hypotension syndrome?
(1) dizziness (2) nausea (3) sweating (4) tachycardia (5) pallor
What is related to increased blood volume and heart rate in pregnancy, as well as
hormones and increased sympathetic nervous system activity?
Heart palpitation/arrhythmias
When are heart palpitations most common during pregnancy?
28-32 weeks
What are the danger sings of heart palpitations?
(1) SOB (2) dizziness (3) history of heart problems
What is caused by increased capillary permeability, fall in colloid osmotic
pressure, increased femoral venous pressure?
Edema
What are danger signs of edema?
Accompanied by other signs and symptoms of preeclampsia
When is edema worse in pregnancy?
Morning
, What are ways to help with edema?
(1) ted hose (2) water immersion chest deep (3) exercise (4) elevate legs
What are remedies for vasovagal episodes/fainting?
Get up slowly, don't lay on your back
What are some common cardiovascular changes in pregnancy?
(1) increased plasma volume and blood cells (2) increased cardiac output (3) decreased
systemic vascular resistance (4) progressive increase in heart rate (5) progressive
decrease in blood pressure (6) auscultation of murmur
What relaxes the vessels throughout the body during pregnancy?
Progesterone
What can moving through cold to hot areas do to pregnant women?
Make them dizzy
When does blood volume peak?
Third trimester
What does progesterone effect on breathing centers causing increased
respiratory rate and increased metabolic demand?
Dyspnea
What is the response to increased metabolic demand?
Fatigue
What does venous pressure from gravid uterus and lower colloid osmotic
pressure cause?
Dependent edema
What is a normal heart sound to hear in pregnant women?
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
What in the blood increases during pregnancy?
(1) WBCs (2) RBCs (3) blood (4) plasma volume
How much does blood volume increase during pregnancy?
30-45%
What stimulates erythropoiesis in pregnancy?
(1) hPL (2) progesterone (3) prolactin
How much do WBCs increase during pregnancy?
8%
How much does hct decrease during pregnancy?
3-5%
How much does hgb decrease during pregnancy?
2-10%
What happens to plasma volume during preeclampsia?
Decreases
What is one thing that cause plasma volume to increase during pregnancy?
Nitric oxide
When does plasma volume start to increase during pregnancy?
6-8 weeks gestation
Why do coagulation factors/hemostasis occur during pregnancy?
,To help prevent hemorrhage
When does fibrinolytic activity start to decrease?
1 hour after childbirth
How much does cardiac output increase during pregnancy?
30-50%
When does most of the cardiac output increase happen?
8 weeks gestation
What happens to maternal heart rate during pregnancy?
Increases (15-20 beats by 32 weeks)
What is the best way to measure blood pressure in a pregnant woman?
Sitting with feet on the floor
When do heart changes start to change in pregnancy?
5 weeks gestation
What causes cardiac output changes?
Increased venous return and increased right ventricular output
If a woman is turned to left side, how much does cardiac output increase?
25%
Where does the increased blood volume go during pregnancy?
(1) uteroplacental circuit (2) other organs (3) breasts (4) cerebral blood flow is not
altered
What happens to blood pressure during pregnancy?
Decreases (reaches nadir mid-pregnancy)
What part of the heart enlarges the most?
,Left atrium
What is it when the vena cava compression causes impaired blood flow return to
the heart and decreases blood pressure; orthostatic stress when changing
positions?
Supine hypotension syndrome
When do you normally see supine hypotension syndrome?
3rd trimester
What are symptoms of supine hypotension syndrome?
(1) dizziness (2) nausea (3) sweating (4) tachycardia (5) pallor
What is related to increased blood volume and heart rate in pregnancy, as well as
hormones and increased sympathetic nervous system activity?
Heart palpitation/arrhythmias
When are heart palpitations most common during pregnancy?
28-32 weeks
What are the danger sings of heart palpitations?
(1) SOB (2) dizziness (3) history of heart problems
What is caused by increased capillary permeability, fall in colloid osmotic
pressure, increased femoral venous pressure?
Edema
What are danger signs of edema?
Accompanied by other signs and symptoms of preeclampsia
When is edema worse in pregnancy?
Morning
, What are ways to help with edema?
(1) ted hose (2) water immersion chest deep (3) exercise (4) elevate legs
What are remedies for vasovagal episodes/fainting?
Get up slowly, don't lay on your back
What are some common cardiovascular changes in pregnancy?
(1) increased plasma volume and blood cells (2) increased cardiac output (3) decreased
systemic vascular resistance (4) progressive increase in heart rate (5) progressive
decrease in blood pressure (6) auscultation of murmur
What relaxes the vessels throughout the body during pregnancy?
Progesterone
What can moving through cold to hot areas do to pregnant women?
Make them dizzy
When does blood volume peak?
Third trimester
What does progesterone effect on breathing centers causing increased
respiratory rate and increased metabolic demand?
Dyspnea
What is the response to increased metabolic demand?
Fatigue
What does venous pressure from gravid uterus and lower colloid osmotic
pressure cause?
Dependent edema
What is a normal heart sound to hear in pregnant women?
