NM702 MOD 6 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
There are morphologic changes in which endocrine glands in pg?
pituitary
adrenal
thyroid
Which hormones have changes in concentration during pregnancy
ACTH
CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone
GH
cortisol
T3, T4
TBG (thyroid binding globulin
Endocrine changes are influenced by:
placental hormones (estrogen, hCG, placental growth hormone, placental CRH)
alterations in liver and kidney function
HPA activity is increased or decreased in pg?
increased
How does increased estrogen in pg lead to changes in pituitary?
pituitary becomes larger
prolactin producing cells grow 20-60% in anterior pituitary
,secretes 10x more prolactin
prepares breasts for lactation
increases throughout pg, peaks at delivery
What are some endocrine changes in the posterior pituituary?
AVP (ADH) levels are normal but acts on kidneys to help retain water and constrict
blood vessels
Oxytocin levels progressively increase throughout pg, delivery, and breastfeeding
How do andrenal glands change in pg?
become hypertrophic
aldosterone and androgen levels increase
How do cortisol levels change in pg?
Total serum and free cortisol levels increase
no hypercortisolism bc the free cortisol remains WNL
physiological responses to stress are blunted in pg
How do levels of thyroid hormone change in pg?
, increase by 40-100%
mostly in 1st half
due to elevated hCG and TBG (thyroid binding globulin)
Why does free thyroid hormone decrease?
higher levels of TBG bind more TH, results in less free TH
hCG stimulates increase in T3 and T4
less free TH remains despite increased production
Why does plasma iodine level decrease in pg?
due to increased in iodide excretion
If T3 and T4 increase, why is there less TH in circulation?
TBG increases more than TH
net result - hypothyroxemia
What is the second most common endocrine disorder in pg after diabetes?
thyroid disorder
difficult to dx because normal changes can mimic dysfunction
How does TSH change in pg?
Decreased, especially week 8-14 due to increased peripheral metabolism of TH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
There are morphologic changes in which endocrine glands in pg?
pituitary
adrenal
thyroid
Which hormones have changes in concentration during pregnancy
ACTH
CRH (corticotropin releasing hormone
GH
cortisol
T3, T4
TBG (thyroid binding globulin
Endocrine changes are influenced by:
placental hormones (estrogen, hCG, placental growth hormone, placental CRH)
alterations in liver and kidney function
HPA activity is increased or decreased in pg?
increased
How does increased estrogen in pg lead to changes in pituitary?
pituitary becomes larger
prolactin producing cells grow 20-60% in anterior pituitary
,secretes 10x more prolactin
prepares breasts for lactation
increases throughout pg, peaks at delivery
What are some endocrine changes in the posterior pituituary?
AVP (ADH) levels are normal but acts on kidneys to help retain water and constrict
blood vessels
Oxytocin levels progressively increase throughout pg, delivery, and breastfeeding
How do andrenal glands change in pg?
become hypertrophic
aldosterone and androgen levels increase
How do cortisol levels change in pg?
Total serum and free cortisol levels increase
no hypercortisolism bc the free cortisol remains WNL
physiological responses to stress are blunted in pg
How do levels of thyroid hormone change in pg?
, increase by 40-100%
mostly in 1st half
due to elevated hCG and TBG (thyroid binding globulin)
Why does free thyroid hormone decrease?
higher levels of TBG bind more TH, results in less free TH
hCG stimulates increase in T3 and T4
less free TH remains despite increased production
Why does plasma iodine level decrease in pg?
due to increased in iodide excretion
If T3 and T4 increase, why is there less TH in circulation?
TBG increases more than TH
net result - hypothyroxemia
What is the second most common endocrine disorder in pg after diabetes?
thyroid disorder
difficult to dx because normal changes can mimic dysfunction
How does TSH change in pg?
Decreased, especially week 8-14 due to increased peripheral metabolism of TH
