SED 443 Final Exam | Questions with Verified Answers

SED 443 Final Exam | Questions with Verified Answers Students with LD A) are less aware of the steps of the writing process. B) are less sure of the procedures for organizing written text. C) are more dependent on teacher feedback regarding their writing. D) have more difficulties with the mechanics of writing. E) all of the above Writing conventions include A) spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. B) prewriting, editing, and revising. C) reviewing and proofreading. D) manuscript and cursive. E) all of the above Mr. Lawrence provides lessons in specific writing skills for 15-20 minutes each day to his third-grade class. Which of these topics would be appropriate to include in his focused writing skill lesson? A) Using quotation marks B) Using the strategy of summarizing for comprehension monitoring C) Using intonation while reading D) Repeated reading to increase fluency E) all of the above All of the following are true about writing skill instruction except A) Focus on writing conventions facilitates writing. B) Even young children should be taught writing and spelling conventions. C) Twenty percent of instructional time in writing should be devoted to writing conventions. D) Writing conventions should be less emphasized for students with LD because they have negative associations with writing. E) Systematic and explicit instruction is necessary for teaching writing conventions. What percentage of instructional time should be devoted to instruction in writing conventions for students with learning disabilities? A) 10 percent B) 20 percent C) 40 percent D) 60 percent E) 100 percent Which of the following instructional concepts should be mastered first in writing development? A) Capital letters in place names B) Colons in sentences C) Quotation marks in titles D) End of sentence punctuation E) Commas in a series of adjectives Which of the following indicates a way to monitor progress in writing for a first-grade student? A) Monitor the total number of words written. B) Monitor the number of words spelled correctly. C) Monitor the punctuation. D) Monitor the types of writing that the child engages in independently. E) all of the above Peers can assist with A) revising a composition. B) refining a topic of a composition. C) reviewing spelling words. D) editing a composition. E) all of the above The process of prewriting includes A) collecting information about a topic by observing, remembering, interviewing, and/or reading. B) forming a draft of the composition. C) revising the composition. D) both A and B E) all of the above Mr. Poe tells his class, "Imagine you have been given a million dollars by a long lost relative. Think about how you would spend the money. Would you spend it on yourself or on others? Would you by lots of things or would you spend money of experiences like going to Disney World? I want you to make a list of things you would do with your money. You will not have to write about all of these things. The purpose of this exercise is to brainstorm and think of as many ideas as you can. Go ahead and write." Mr. Poe is engaging his class in a A) revising activity. B) editing activity. C) prewriting activity. D) modeling activity. E) cooperative learning activity. Graphic organizers can be used in the writing process in which way? A) As a method to assist with brainstorming B) As semantic maps C) As story frames D) As structured organizers E) all of the above Cue cards are most often used to assist during which component of the writing process? A) Prewriting B) Revising C) Composing D) Editing E) Publishing When writing sentences and paragraphs, students with learning behavior problems must be taught which of the following explicitly? A) How to add vivid words and lively verbs B) How to combine short and choppy sentences C) How to reduce long and run-on sentences D) How to read and revise to add meaning E) all of the above The strategy of "box and explode" is used to assist with which component of the writing process? A) Prewriting B) Revising C) Composing D) Editing E) Publishing Whereas revision focuses mainly on content, editing focuses on A) publishing. B) mechanics. C) organization. D) expanding. E) brainstorming. What factors may influence the writing of an English language learner (ELL)? A) Knowledge of English language structure B) Knowledge of English vocabulary C) Knowledge of conventions of word writing D) Understanding of word use E) all of the above Fun and simple activities that families could do to help promote their children's writing are: A) Spell with letter blocks or magnetic letters. B) Help children make labels for their room. C) Go on a word walk. D) Have them make a grocery list. E) all of the above Which of the following is true concerning writing conferences? A) Conferences should cover, at least briefly, all parts of the student's writing. B) It is helpful to prepare a list of questions to ask each writer during conferences. C) Writing conferences provide the best opportunity for focusing on mechanical errors such as spelling and punctuation. D) Conferring is at the heart of the writing process. E) all of the above All of the following are advantages to using a computer to facilitate writing except A) Computers make revising and editing easier. B) Computers provide spell-checking features. C) Computers produce neat copies that enhance readability. D) Computers can assist students in using accurate paragraph and sentence structures. E) Computers can allow for easy error correction. Spelling is difficult in English because A) words are generally longer than in other languages. B) words are derived from a variety of different languages. C) there is not a one-to-one correspondence between the individual sounds of spoken words and the letters of written ones. D) there are many compound words. E) all of the above Mr. Epstein is doing an error analysis of a student's work. One of the sentences in a student's composition is: "When he wnt to the pet stor, he cudn't decid betwen the two pets so he got both of them." This sentence reflects which error pattern? A) Reversal of consonant or vowel directionality B) Omission of letters C) Reversal of consonant order D) Reversal of whole words E) Addition of unneeded letters What can a teacher do to determine the appropriate spelling approach to teach a student with learning disabilities? A) Analyze the student's errors on a spelling test. B) Analyze the student's errors on a writing sample. C) Observe the student as he or she writes. D) Interview the student. E) all of the above What is the cause of spelling difficulties for most students with learning and behavior disorders? A) Poor phonological processing skills B) Visual memory problems C) Handwriting difficulties D) Ineffective instruction E) Neurological deficits Spelling words should A) be introduced in a group of 20 words at the beginning of each week. B) include words that are unfamiliar to the child. C) include words that the student is unable to read. D) include high-frequency words. E) all of the above Which of the following is true about vocabulary knowledge? A) Poor vocabulary knowledge is a cause of poor reading achievement. B) Students who know fewer words also lack depth of word knowledge. C) Good readers in the first grade know twice as many words as poor readers in the first grade. D) Good readers gain vocabulary faster than poor readers. E) all of the above The words that reader recognizes in listening and uses in speaking are called A) receptive vocabulary. B) expressive vocabulary. C) oral vocabulary. D) reading vocabulary. E) writing vocabulary. What are the two main approaches for teaching vocabulary? A) Indirect versus direct B) Audiovisual method versus multisensory method C) Thematic versus incidental D) Expressive technique versus receptive technique E) Oral versus reading All of the following are true about teaching and learning vocabulary words except A) Indirect vocabulary learning occurs from hearing and seeing words in the environment. B) Students with learning and behavior problems are just as likely to learn vocabulary indirectly than their average achieving peers. C) It is important that teachers promote indirect learning of vocabulary in addition to providing direct instruction. D) Direct instruction provides opportunities for students to learn words that they may not pick up incidentally. E) Not all words in a text can be taught directly. How many vocabulary words should be taught each week to students? A) 1-3 B) 5-7 C) 7-10 D) 15-20 E) 20-25 High utility words are A) words that students will encounter in a variety of contexts. B) words that will assist students in understanding a particular text. C) words that are used all the time by very young children. D) both A and B E) all of the above Which type of context clue can be used to determine the meaning of "gregarious" in this sentence? "The husband and wife were very different. Al was reserved and shy but Sophie was very gregarious." A) Definition B) Synonym C) Description D) Contrast E) Comparison In the following sentence, what type of context clue allows the reader to understand the word "amiable"? "Lucy was very friendly. In fact, she was so amiable that she had more friends than she could count." A) Synonym B) Contrast C) Description D) Definition E) Explicit The use of contextual analysis and morphemic analysis are considered A) writing strategies. B) word-learning strategies. C) instructional methods for specific word instruction. D) fluency strategies. E) all of the above Learning prefixes are easier than learning suffixes because A) prefixes generally have clearer meanings than suffixes. B) prefixes are spelled more regularly than suffixes. C) prefixes are shorter than suffixes. D) both A and B E) all of the above What type of morpheme is "re" in the word "replace"? A) Root B) Suffix C) Bound D) Free E) Base word Describe the types of morphemes that are in the word unsuccessful. A) One prefix and one suffix B) Two affixes C) One prefix, one free morpheme and one suffix D) Two prefixes and one free morpheme E) Three bound morphemes Which of the following is a recommended practice for teaching affixes (morphemic analysis)? A) Incorporate morphemic analysis instruction in at least 50 percent of writing instruction. B) Only 1 or 2 prefixes or suffixes should be introduced at a time. C) Focus more on morphemic analysis for younger than for older students. D) Morphemic analysis works with an unlimited set of words. E) none of the above The most important consideration in selecting words for vocabulary instruction is to choose words that A) have a high impact on learning and instruction. B) the student can already read and spell. C) can be analyzed morphologically. D) are conceptually related to each other. E) have similar spelling patterns. Brad is a second grader who has heard the word "economy" and knows that it has something to do with money. However, he is unable to define the word or use it in a sentence. His partial understanding of this word illustrates which characteristic of vocabulary words and vocabulary knowledge? A) English has many synonyms. B) Words have multiple meanings. C) A dictionary definition of a word is often more complicated than the word itself. D) Concepts can be categorized. E) There are different levels of word knowledge. Content enhancements are techniques to help students A) identify salient information. B) organize information. C) comprehend content information. D) both A and B E) all of the above Vocabulary is one of the most difficult areas of reading to assess because it entails A) knowing how many words students know. B) knowing which words they know and don't know. C) knowing whether they know one or more meanings and can use them. D) both A and B E) all of the above Mr. Lawrence is about to start a unit on the American Revolution. He has several students with LD in his class and some students who are English language learners. What is his first step in getting ready to teach the chapter?