Psych Research & Stats Test
1
1. Way of knowing or finding behavior: Tenacity: From habit or superstition
2. Way of knowing or finding behavior: Intuition: from a hunch or feeling
3. Way of knowing or finding behavior: Authority: From an expert
4. Way of knowing or finding behavior: Rationalism: From reasoning; a logical conclusion
5. Way of knowing or finding behavior: Empiricism: from direct sensory obser- vation
6. Methods of Acquiring Knowledge Definition: Ways in which a person can know things or discover answers
to questions
7. The method of tenacity definition: Information is accepted as true because it "always" has been believed or
because superstition supports it
8. the method of intuition definition: Information is accepted as true on the basis of a hunch or "gut feeling"
9. The method of authority: A person relies on information or answers from an expert in the subject area
10.The method of faith: A variant of the method of authority in which people have unquestioning trust in authority
and, therefore, accept information from the authority without doubt or challenege
11.Rational Method/Rationalism Definition: Seeks answers by the use of logical reasoning
12.Argument definition: a set of premise statements that are logically combined to yield a conclusion
13.Premise statements definition: Describes facts or assumptions that are pre- sumed to be true
14.Empirical Method (Empiricism) Definition: Uses observations or direct sen- sory experience to obtain
knowledge
15.Which method of knowing is being used by a student who believe that his performance on tests is influenced
by wearing a lucky hat?
a. method of empiricism
b. method of faith
c. the method of tenacity
d. method of authority: The method of tenacity
16.Which method of knowing is used when you find the address and phone number of a restaurant by
googling the name of the restaurant?
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method: the method of authority
, Psych Research & Stats Test
1
17.Last year Tim and his friend Jack were both too short to ride the roller coaster. Jack went to the park this
year and was tall enough to ride. Tim knows that he is taller than Jack, so he knows that he will be able to ride the
roller coaster as well. Which method of knowing is Tim using?
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method: rational method
18.A restaurant chef tried replacing rice with pasta in one of her recipes to see what would happen. Which
method of acquiring knowledge is she using?
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method: method of empiricism
19.Induction (inductive reasoning) definition: involves using a relatively small set of specific observations as the
basis for forming a general statement about a larger set of possible observations
20.Variables definition: characteristics or conditions that change or have different values for different individuals. for
example, the weather, the economy, and your health can change day-to-day. 2 people can be different in terms of
personality, age, gender, height, intelligence
21.hypothesis deifnition: a statement that describes or explains a relationship between/among 2 variables
22.Deduction (deductive reasoning) definition: uses a general statement as the basis for reaching a conclusion about
specific examples
23.Pseudosciences definition: a system of ideas often presented as science but actually lacking some of the key
components that are essential to scientific research
24.Which of the following is the best description of the scientific method?
a. a circular process that leads to a final answer
b. a linear process that moves directly to a final answer
c. a circular process that leads to a tentative answer
d. a linear process that leads to a tentative answer: c. a circular process that leads to a tentative answer
25.What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a general hypothesis?
a. inductive reasoning
b. deductive reasoning
c. scientific reasoning
d. predictive reasoning: inductive reasoning
, Psych Research & Stats Test
1
26.A hypothesis is a statement and a prediction is a state-
ment.
a. specific; general
b. specific; specific
c. general; specific
d. general; general: general; specific
27.What is meant by saying "science is objective?"
a. scientific answers are based on direct observation
b. scientific answers are based on logical reasoning
c. scientific answers are obtained without influence by the researcher's biases or beliefs
d. scientific answers are made available by evaluation of others: scientific answers are obtained without
influence by the researcher's biases or beliefs
28.Which of the following is a distinction between science and pseudo- science?
a. pseudoscience tends to dismiss or refuse to accept negative results
b. pseudoscience tends to rely on testimonials and selected results
c. pseudoscience tends to treat criticism as a personal attack
d. all of the above: all of the above
29.Population: is an entire set of individuals of interest to a researcher. Although the entire population usually does
not participate in a research study, the results from the study are generalized to the entire population
30.Sample: a set of individuals selected from a population, usually intended to represent the population in a
research study
31.Representative sample: the extent to which the characteristics of the sample accurately reflect the characteristics
of the population
32.biased sample: A sample that does not fairly represent the population
33.Sampling or Selection bias: occurs when participants or subjects are selected in a manner that increases
probability of obtaining a biased sample
34.Law of Large numbers: The larger the sample size, the more likely the values obtained in the sample will
accurately reflect the values of the population
35.Dr. Near conducts an experiment on memory for individuals who are above the age of 65. Although there are
millions of people above the age of 65, she selects a group of 25 to participate in the experiment. What name is
given to the group of 25?
a. a sample
b. an accesible sample
c. a population
d. a subgroup: a. a sample
1
1. Way of knowing or finding behavior: Tenacity: From habit or superstition
2. Way of knowing or finding behavior: Intuition: from a hunch or feeling
3. Way of knowing or finding behavior: Authority: From an expert
4. Way of knowing or finding behavior: Rationalism: From reasoning; a logical conclusion
5. Way of knowing or finding behavior: Empiricism: from direct sensory obser- vation
6. Methods of Acquiring Knowledge Definition: Ways in which a person can know things or discover answers
to questions
7. The method of tenacity definition: Information is accepted as true because it "always" has been believed or
because superstition supports it
8. the method of intuition definition: Information is accepted as true on the basis of a hunch or "gut feeling"
9. The method of authority: A person relies on information or answers from an expert in the subject area
10.The method of faith: A variant of the method of authority in which people have unquestioning trust in authority
and, therefore, accept information from the authority without doubt or challenege
11.Rational Method/Rationalism Definition: Seeks answers by the use of logical reasoning
12.Argument definition: a set of premise statements that are logically combined to yield a conclusion
13.Premise statements definition: Describes facts or assumptions that are pre- sumed to be true
14.Empirical Method (Empiricism) Definition: Uses observations or direct sen- sory experience to obtain
knowledge
15.Which method of knowing is being used by a student who believe that his performance on tests is influenced
by wearing a lucky hat?
a. method of empiricism
b. method of faith
c. the method of tenacity
d. method of authority: The method of tenacity
16.Which method of knowing is used when you find the address and phone number of a restaurant by
googling the name of the restaurant?
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method: the method of authority
, Psych Research & Stats Test
1
17.Last year Tim and his friend Jack were both too short to ride the roller coaster. Jack went to the park this
year and was tall enough to ride. Tim knows that he is taller than Jack, so he knows that he will be able to ride the
roller coaster as well. Which method of knowing is Tim using?
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method: rational method
18.A restaurant chef tried replacing rice with pasta in one of her recipes to see what would happen. Which
method of acquiring knowledge is she using?
a. method of empiricism
b. rational method
c. method of authority
d. scientific method: method of empiricism
19.Induction (inductive reasoning) definition: involves using a relatively small set of specific observations as the
basis for forming a general statement about a larger set of possible observations
20.Variables definition: characteristics or conditions that change or have different values for different individuals. for
example, the weather, the economy, and your health can change day-to-day. 2 people can be different in terms of
personality, age, gender, height, intelligence
21.hypothesis deifnition: a statement that describes or explains a relationship between/among 2 variables
22.Deduction (deductive reasoning) definition: uses a general statement as the basis for reaching a conclusion about
specific examples
23.Pseudosciences definition: a system of ideas often presented as science but actually lacking some of the key
components that are essential to scientific research
24.Which of the following is the best description of the scientific method?
a. a circular process that leads to a final answer
b. a linear process that moves directly to a final answer
c. a circular process that leads to a tentative answer
d. a linear process that leads to a tentative answer: c. a circular process that leads to a tentative answer
25.What kind of reasoning uses a few specific observations to produce a general hypothesis?
a. inductive reasoning
b. deductive reasoning
c. scientific reasoning
d. predictive reasoning: inductive reasoning
, Psych Research & Stats Test
1
26.A hypothesis is a statement and a prediction is a state-
ment.
a. specific; general
b. specific; specific
c. general; specific
d. general; general: general; specific
27.What is meant by saying "science is objective?"
a. scientific answers are based on direct observation
b. scientific answers are based on logical reasoning
c. scientific answers are obtained without influence by the researcher's biases or beliefs
d. scientific answers are made available by evaluation of others: scientific answers are obtained without
influence by the researcher's biases or beliefs
28.Which of the following is a distinction between science and pseudo- science?
a. pseudoscience tends to dismiss or refuse to accept negative results
b. pseudoscience tends to rely on testimonials and selected results
c. pseudoscience tends to treat criticism as a personal attack
d. all of the above: all of the above
29.Population: is an entire set of individuals of interest to a researcher. Although the entire population usually does
not participate in a research study, the results from the study are generalized to the entire population
30.Sample: a set of individuals selected from a population, usually intended to represent the population in a
research study
31.Representative sample: the extent to which the characteristics of the sample accurately reflect the characteristics
of the population
32.biased sample: A sample that does not fairly represent the population
33.Sampling or Selection bias: occurs when participants or subjects are selected in a manner that increases
probability of obtaining a biased sample
34.Law of Large numbers: The larger the sample size, the more likely the values obtained in the sample will
accurately reflect the values of the population
35.Dr. Near conducts an experiment on memory for individuals who are above the age of 65. Although there are
millions of people above the age of 65, she selects a group of 25 to participate in the experiment. What name is
given to the group of 25?
a. a sample
b. an accesible sample
c. a population
d. a subgroup: a. a sample
