NURS 315 Final Exam Questions and
Correct Answers Rated A+ 2025
What are the factors delaying wound healing? - ANSWER>>Malnutrition, blood
supply, corticosteroid & chemotherapy drugs, infection, smoking, mechanical
friction on wound, age, obesity, diabetes, poor health, anemia
What are the risk factors for pressure ulcers? - ANSWER>>Immobility,
Impaired sensory perception,
elderly,
very thin or obese
Family History Assessment Pre-Op - ANSWER>>Ask the patient and caregiver
about any inherited traits since they may contribute to the surgical outcome.
These can include hypertension, sudden cardiac death, MI, etc. The patient may
have a similar predisposition or condition
o Obtain information about the patients family history of adverse reactions to
or problems with anesthesia (ex: malignant hyperthermia)
Medications assessment Pre-Op - ANSWER>>Antidepressants effecting
anesthesia, coumadin, aspirin, can effect bleedingWhat might need to be held??
Herbal Assessment Pre-Op - ANSWER>>Garlic, ginger - can effect blood thinning
Allergies Assessment Pre-Op - ANSWER>>Latex; ask about what happens when
exposed and make sure its an allergyo If you find out a patient is allergic to latex
notify OR and surgeon immediately
Medical Conditions Assessment Pre-Op - ANSWER>>o Cardiovascular:
Dysarthria, Congenital heart disease, clots/DVT (higher cholesterol = higher
risks), bleeding (takes blood thinner previously increases risk)
,o Respiratory: Listen for crackles, if patient has crackles further assess the
patient and then contact the doctor with evidence of why the patient may have
crackles in lungs
o Neurologic: Loss of consciousness, Increased Intracranial Pressure - need to
watch for older adults because they are more at risk for delirium after surgery.
Check and compare baseline assessments
o Genitourinary: Kidneys, watch the labs (intake and output), test women for
pregnancy
o Hepatic: Alcohol use, albumin level (malnutrition)
o Integumentary: Color (circulation), Skin breakdown (pressure ulcers)
o Musculoskeletal: Anything that interferes with positioning of the patient
(osteoporosis, arthritis, low ROM, etc)
o Endocrine: Check glucose levels and follow hospital protocol about whether or
not patients with diabetes will receive insulin or not before surgery
o Immune system: Patient on antibiotics CANNOT go to surgery-Assess for
smoking history, obesity, etc. What things could effect the surgery??
Pre-Op Meds - ANSWER>>Benzodiazepines [diazepam (Valium),
lorazepam(Ativan), midazolam (Versed)] - sedation, amnesia
Opioids (morphine, fentanyl) - for pain Histamine(H2)-receptor antagonists
[famotidine (Pepcid),ranitidine (Zantac)] - reduce acid secretion
Antiemetics [metoclopramide(Reglan), ondansetron(Zofran)] - increase gastric
emptying, prevent nausea &vomit
Anticholinergics (Atropine) - reduce oral and respiratory secretions, decrease
the risk of bradycardia
Antibiotics, antidiabetics, antihypertensive
Circulating Nurse - ANSWER>>NONSTERILE
Helps prep room, Maintains aseptic technique, Checks mechanical and electrical
equipment and environmental factors, Conducts preprocedural verification
process, Confirms informed consent, Assesses patients physical and emotional
status, Plans and coordinates intraoperative nursing care, Helps with applying
monitoring devices and insertion of invasive lines and other devices, Assists
, with and ensure patient safety with transferring and positioning, Aids with
anesthesia induction, Monitors draping, Records intraoperative care, Does labs,
Does meds, Works with scrubbed personnel to keep correct count of sponges,
needles, instruments and medical devices, Facilitates patient transfer to PACU,
Gives hand-off report to PACU
Scrub Nurse - ANSWER>>STERILE activities = Preps OR, Gowns and gloves self
and others, Prepares surgical instruments, Assists with draping, Passes
instruments and assists surgeon, Keeps correct count of all instruments,
Monitors aseptic technique, Keeps track of irrigation solutions, Accepts, verifies,
and reports drugs used by surgeon
Both circulating and scrub - ANSWER>>Takes part in surgical time-out
procedure, Monitors aseptic technique
General Anesthesia - ANSWER>>Loss of sensation and consciousness, possible
impaired ventilatory and cardiovascular function
Regional and Local Anesthesia - ANSWER>>Loss of sensation without loss of
consciousness (numbing at the dentist) - only one where patient DO NOT LOSE
CONSCIOUSNESS
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) - ANSWER>>Similar to general anesthesia, no
inhalation agents, patients less responsive and may require airway
management. ACP needs to be there and perform this because can transition
into general anesthesia - colonoscopy
Moderate sedation (conscious sedation) - ANSWER>>Patient maintains own
airway and cardiovascular function, responds to verbal commands - no ACP
required, nurse can administer these meds under the physician
Malignant Hyperthermia - ANSWER>>· Rare metabolic disease, hereditary (50%
chance). Can result in muscle rigidity (way to identify it) (muscle becomes
Correct Answers Rated A+ 2025
What are the factors delaying wound healing? - ANSWER>>Malnutrition, blood
supply, corticosteroid & chemotherapy drugs, infection, smoking, mechanical
friction on wound, age, obesity, diabetes, poor health, anemia
What are the risk factors for pressure ulcers? - ANSWER>>Immobility,
Impaired sensory perception,
elderly,
very thin or obese
Family History Assessment Pre-Op - ANSWER>>Ask the patient and caregiver
about any inherited traits since they may contribute to the surgical outcome.
These can include hypertension, sudden cardiac death, MI, etc. The patient may
have a similar predisposition or condition
o Obtain information about the patients family history of adverse reactions to
or problems with anesthesia (ex: malignant hyperthermia)
Medications assessment Pre-Op - ANSWER>>Antidepressants effecting
anesthesia, coumadin, aspirin, can effect bleedingWhat might need to be held??
Herbal Assessment Pre-Op - ANSWER>>Garlic, ginger - can effect blood thinning
Allergies Assessment Pre-Op - ANSWER>>Latex; ask about what happens when
exposed and make sure its an allergyo If you find out a patient is allergic to latex
notify OR and surgeon immediately
Medical Conditions Assessment Pre-Op - ANSWER>>o Cardiovascular:
Dysarthria, Congenital heart disease, clots/DVT (higher cholesterol = higher
risks), bleeding (takes blood thinner previously increases risk)
,o Respiratory: Listen for crackles, if patient has crackles further assess the
patient and then contact the doctor with evidence of why the patient may have
crackles in lungs
o Neurologic: Loss of consciousness, Increased Intracranial Pressure - need to
watch for older adults because they are more at risk for delirium after surgery.
Check and compare baseline assessments
o Genitourinary: Kidneys, watch the labs (intake and output), test women for
pregnancy
o Hepatic: Alcohol use, albumin level (malnutrition)
o Integumentary: Color (circulation), Skin breakdown (pressure ulcers)
o Musculoskeletal: Anything that interferes with positioning of the patient
(osteoporosis, arthritis, low ROM, etc)
o Endocrine: Check glucose levels and follow hospital protocol about whether or
not patients with diabetes will receive insulin or not before surgery
o Immune system: Patient on antibiotics CANNOT go to surgery-Assess for
smoking history, obesity, etc. What things could effect the surgery??
Pre-Op Meds - ANSWER>>Benzodiazepines [diazepam (Valium),
lorazepam(Ativan), midazolam (Versed)] - sedation, amnesia
Opioids (morphine, fentanyl) - for pain Histamine(H2)-receptor antagonists
[famotidine (Pepcid),ranitidine (Zantac)] - reduce acid secretion
Antiemetics [metoclopramide(Reglan), ondansetron(Zofran)] - increase gastric
emptying, prevent nausea &vomit
Anticholinergics (Atropine) - reduce oral and respiratory secretions, decrease
the risk of bradycardia
Antibiotics, antidiabetics, antihypertensive
Circulating Nurse - ANSWER>>NONSTERILE
Helps prep room, Maintains aseptic technique, Checks mechanical and electrical
equipment and environmental factors, Conducts preprocedural verification
process, Confirms informed consent, Assesses patients physical and emotional
status, Plans and coordinates intraoperative nursing care, Helps with applying
monitoring devices and insertion of invasive lines and other devices, Assists
, with and ensure patient safety with transferring and positioning, Aids with
anesthesia induction, Monitors draping, Records intraoperative care, Does labs,
Does meds, Works with scrubbed personnel to keep correct count of sponges,
needles, instruments and medical devices, Facilitates patient transfer to PACU,
Gives hand-off report to PACU
Scrub Nurse - ANSWER>>STERILE activities = Preps OR, Gowns and gloves self
and others, Prepares surgical instruments, Assists with draping, Passes
instruments and assists surgeon, Keeps correct count of all instruments,
Monitors aseptic technique, Keeps track of irrigation solutions, Accepts, verifies,
and reports drugs used by surgeon
Both circulating and scrub - ANSWER>>Takes part in surgical time-out
procedure, Monitors aseptic technique
General Anesthesia - ANSWER>>Loss of sensation and consciousness, possible
impaired ventilatory and cardiovascular function
Regional and Local Anesthesia - ANSWER>>Loss of sensation without loss of
consciousness (numbing at the dentist) - only one where patient DO NOT LOSE
CONSCIOUSNESS
Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) - ANSWER>>Similar to general anesthesia, no
inhalation agents, patients less responsive and may require airway
management. ACP needs to be there and perform this because can transition
into general anesthesia - colonoscopy
Moderate sedation (conscious sedation) - ANSWER>>Patient maintains own
airway and cardiovascular function, responds to verbal commands - no ACP
required, nurse can administer these meds under the physician
Malignant Hyperthermia - ANSWER>>· Rare metabolic disease, hereditary (50%
chance). Can result in muscle rigidity (way to identify it) (muscle becomes
