NM704 MODULE 2 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Midplane landmarks
Ischial Spines, smallest transverse plane of the pelvis
Descent
Downward passage of the presenting part through the bony pelvis
Flexion
Second cardinal movement, chin to chest
Attitude
Relationship of the fetal parts to the fetal head
Partial flexion
Natural attitude of the fetus
Military Position
Neutral attitude of the fetus
Engagement
When the biparietal diameter passes through the inlet; or when the top of the presenting
part has reached the level of the ischial spines/0 station (clinical finding)
Internal rotation
4th cardinal movement; rotation of head internally to OA or OP; occurs at midplane
Short arc
Internal rotation of the head 45 degrees from LOP/ROP to direct OP
, Long arc
Internal rotation of the head 135 degrees to direct OA
Extension
5th cardinal movement; birth of head; occurs at outlet (curve of carus); only with OA
Flexion then extension
5th cardinal movement for OP; birth of head
Restitution
6th cardinal movement; rotation of fetal head 45 degrees after head has been born
External rotation
7th cardinal movement; shoulders internally rotate causing the head to rotate to
transverse position
Phases of Parturition
Quiescence, Activation, Stimulation, Involution
Quiescence
Phase 0 of parturition; pregnancy adaptations occur, cervical softening
Inhibitors: progesterone, prostacyclin, relaxin, and nitric oxide
Activation
Phase 1 of parturition; cervical ripening and uterine preparedness
Uterotropins (facilitate initiation of labor): estrogen and prostaglandins
Onset of labor begins after phase 1
Stimulation
Phase 2 of parturition; labor
Uterotronins (cause contractions): protaglandins and oxytocin
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Midplane landmarks
Ischial Spines, smallest transverse plane of the pelvis
Descent
Downward passage of the presenting part through the bony pelvis
Flexion
Second cardinal movement, chin to chest
Attitude
Relationship of the fetal parts to the fetal head
Partial flexion
Natural attitude of the fetus
Military Position
Neutral attitude of the fetus
Engagement
When the biparietal diameter passes through the inlet; or when the top of the presenting
part has reached the level of the ischial spines/0 station (clinical finding)
Internal rotation
4th cardinal movement; rotation of head internally to OA or OP; occurs at midplane
Short arc
Internal rotation of the head 45 degrees from LOP/ROP to direct OP
, Long arc
Internal rotation of the head 135 degrees to direct OA
Extension
5th cardinal movement; birth of head; occurs at outlet (curve of carus); only with OA
Flexion then extension
5th cardinal movement for OP; birth of head
Restitution
6th cardinal movement; rotation of fetal head 45 degrees after head has been born
External rotation
7th cardinal movement; shoulders internally rotate causing the head to rotate to
transverse position
Phases of Parturition
Quiescence, Activation, Stimulation, Involution
Quiescence
Phase 0 of parturition; pregnancy adaptations occur, cervical softening
Inhibitors: progesterone, prostacyclin, relaxin, and nitric oxide
Activation
Phase 1 of parturition; cervical ripening and uterine preparedness
Uterotropins (facilitate initiation of labor): estrogen and prostaglandins
Onset of labor begins after phase 1
Stimulation
Phase 2 of parturition; labor
Uterotronins (cause contractions): protaglandins and oxytocin
