NM 704 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Understand the relationship between the framework used for care related to labor
progress and Cesarean birth rates.
-Medical model vs. physiological model.
-How is slow labor defined varies from provider to provider and even in research. How a
provider defines it will influence their indication for Cesareans.
-Active management of labor.
Define the stages and phases of labor as defined by Friedman.
First stage: onset of contractions to full dilation
Latent phase: onset of regular contractions
Active phase: When rate of contraction increases
Second stage: Complete dilation to birth of baby
Understand Friedman's definition of onset of labor and how this has been applied
clinically.
In his original study, Friedman found the the mean dilation when the rate of progress
increased was approximately 3 cm. This became widely adopted as the beginning of
active phase for all women. Friedman maintain this was inaccurate due to the variation
in women.
Understand the current research on the onset of active phase of labor.
, Current research says that active phase is more like 5 or 6 cm which is very important in
preventing women from being diagnosed as in active labor while still in latent labor.
Mistaken diagnosis results in unnecessary interventions.
What is Friedman's criteria for normal progress in first stage, latent phase?
Nulliparas: <20 hours
Multiparas: <14 hours
What is Friedman's criteria for normal progress in first stage, active phase?
Nulliparas: at least 1.2 cm/hr dilatation
Multiparas: at least 1.5 cm/hr dilatation
What is Friedman's criteria for normal progress in second stage?
Nulliparas: 1 cm/hr descent
Multiparas: 2 cm/hr descent
Define prolonged latent phase according to Friedman.
*progress is occuring, but more slowly than normal
For nullparas: longer than 20 hours
For multiparas: longer than 14 hours
Define protracted active phase as defined by Friedman.
*progress is occuring, but more slowly than normal
For nulliparas: dilitation slower than 1.2 cm/hr
For mulitparas: dilitation slower than 1.5 cm/hr
Define protracted descent as defined by Friedman.
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED GRADED A++
Understand the relationship between the framework used for care related to labor
progress and Cesarean birth rates.
-Medical model vs. physiological model.
-How is slow labor defined varies from provider to provider and even in research. How a
provider defines it will influence their indication for Cesareans.
-Active management of labor.
Define the stages and phases of labor as defined by Friedman.
First stage: onset of contractions to full dilation
Latent phase: onset of regular contractions
Active phase: When rate of contraction increases
Second stage: Complete dilation to birth of baby
Understand Friedman's definition of onset of labor and how this has been applied
clinically.
In his original study, Friedman found the the mean dilation when the rate of progress
increased was approximately 3 cm. This became widely adopted as the beginning of
active phase for all women. Friedman maintain this was inaccurate due to the variation
in women.
Understand the current research on the onset of active phase of labor.
, Current research says that active phase is more like 5 or 6 cm which is very important in
preventing women from being diagnosed as in active labor while still in latent labor.
Mistaken diagnosis results in unnecessary interventions.
What is Friedman's criteria for normal progress in first stage, latent phase?
Nulliparas: <20 hours
Multiparas: <14 hours
What is Friedman's criteria for normal progress in first stage, active phase?
Nulliparas: at least 1.2 cm/hr dilatation
Multiparas: at least 1.5 cm/hr dilatation
What is Friedman's criteria for normal progress in second stage?
Nulliparas: 1 cm/hr descent
Multiparas: 2 cm/hr descent
Define prolonged latent phase according to Friedman.
*progress is occuring, but more slowly than normal
For nullparas: longer than 20 hours
For multiparas: longer than 14 hours
Define protracted active phase as defined by Friedman.
*progress is occuring, but more slowly than normal
For nulliparas: dilitation slower than 1.2 cm/hr
For mulitparas: dilitation slower than 1.5 cm/hr
Define protracted descent as defined by Friedman.
