Total No. of Questions : 10]
SEAT No. :
P3278 [Total No. of Pages : 2
[5670]-547
B.E. (Mechanical Engineering)
PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
(2015 Pattern) (Semester - II) (Elective - IV) (402050C) (End Sem.)
Time : 2½ Hours] [Max. Marks : 70
Instructions to the candidates:
1) Answer Q.1 or 2, Q.3 or 4, Q.5 or 6, Q.7 or 8, Q.9 or 10.
2) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
3) Assume suitable data if necessary.
Q1) Enlist and explain Modern approaches to product design. [6]
a) Modern Product Development Process
Product development is the process that involves the set of
Ans: activities .These activities are creating task, Understanding task,
Communication the task and testing task. There are three major phases of
product development.
a) Realize the opportunity
b) Develop the concept.
c) Implement the concept.
3.1. Realize the opportunity
→ Here we characterize four activities .The first step in product
development process is to have a vision for a new product. It involves
certain questions like
a) What product we wish to have?
b) What are the difficulties associated with current product that we use?
c) Why does the product that does not perform something we want?
The answer to these questions will be a vision for the new product.
→Everyone has an idea for a new product. The question is that whether any
vision can be transferred into successful understandable product. Whether
it can be developed and implemented into new product.
→After developing we have to look for market opportunity available for the
product by performing different types of analysis which will give an idea
whether the developed new product will hold the market or not analysis
which will give an idea whether the developed new product will hold the
market or not.
→Next step is to collect and realize the customer needs. Ones we got the
customer needs the competitive product in the market must be analyzed
with respect to new product in terms of satisfaction of these customer
needs.
3.2. Develop the concept
→After getting all available information about new product that, what it
must do? How it must be fit in market? And what should be the range of cost
of new product? Now the design team can start their working to meet these
expectations.
→The first activity in this effort is to design a general set of market
specification for the product. By understanding the portfolio architecture,
customer needs and competition it inclines design team towards generation
of new concept.
→After generating the new concept the functional model and alternative
product architecture set is prepared for effective concept engineering.
Functional model describes the inputs, outputs, and transformations that
must take place for a product to work. Here the product development team
, get many concepts for implementation. Design team must select one
concept to implement.
Explain Black box model for understanding the customer needs. [4]
b) The black box model of consumer behaviour identifies the stimuli
responsible for buyer behavior. The buyer’s black box, comprises two
Ans: sub components - the buyer’s characteristics and the buyer decision
process.
The buyer’s characteristics could be personal, social, cultural and
psychological. These are internal to the buyer and the marketer
cannot hope to bring much change into this
The buyer’s decision making process consists of the following steps:
1. Problem recognition: The consumer identifies the need for a
product.
2. Information search: Once the need has been recognized, the
consumer will look for more information on the various products
that satisfy the need. For example, if the consumer is looking for
a cellphone-he might want to get in-depth knowledge of various
phones available in the market
3. Evaluation of alternatives: The set of all phones are then
compared upon certain parameters that the user will desire in his
product. For example the user might compare phones on style,
design, features, aesthetics etc.
4. Purchase decision: Based on the above parameters, the user
ranks the products and then buys the one which fit all criteria
5. Post purchase behaviour: The user might want to revise his views
on the product or criteria of selection based on the product’s
performance.
The black box model considers the buyer's response as a result of a
conscious and well informed decision making process in which he is
not impulsive. Hence, this concludes the definition of The Black Box
Model along with its overview.
Q2) For an appropriate product discuss the concept of economic analysis. [6]
a) Economic analysis is the study of economic systems. It may also be a
study of a production process or an industry. Economists say that
economic analysis is a systematic approach to find out what the
optimum use of scarce resources. Economic analysis involves
comparing at least two alternatives in achieving, for example, a certain
goal under specific constraints and assumptions.
For companies, the goal of an economic analysis is to provide a clear
picture of the current economic climate. Specifically, what the impact
of the economic climate is or might be on the company’s ability to
operate commercially.
The business has 20 warehouse employees. They earn Rs.30,000 per
year each, i.e., they represent a total annual wage bill of
Rs.600,000.The robots cost Rs 1,50,000 each. The price includes ten
years of free maintenance. Therefore, the cost of automating the
warehouse is Rs.6, 00,000.The company must also employ a roboticist,
whose salary is Rs.50, 000 per year. Over a ten-year period, the cost of
the robots plus the roboticist will be Rs.6, 00,000 + Rs.5, 00,000 =
11,00,000. The company will save Rs.49, 00,000 over that ten-year
period if it replaces the human workers with robots.
Explain concept of product testing. [4]
b) Product testing, also called consumer testing or comparative testing, is
a process of measuring the properties or performance of products.
Ans: The theory is that since the advent of mass production manufacturers
produce branded products which they assert and advertise to be
identical within some technical standard.
Product testing seeks to ensure that consumers can understand what
products will do for them and which products are the best values.
Product testing is a strategy to increase consumer protection by
, checking the claims made during marketing strategies such as
advertising, which by their nature are in the interest of the entity
distributing the service and not necessarily in the interest of the
consumer. The advent of product testing was the beginning of the
modern consumer movement.
Product testing might be accomplished by a manufacturer, an
independent laboratory, a government agency, etc. Often an existing
formal test method is used as a basis for testing. Other times engineers
develop methods of test which are suited to the specific purpose.
Comparative testing subjects several replicate samples of similar
products to identical test conditions.
Q3) What is mean by Concept Embodiment explain with suitable example. [8]
a) Embodiment product design phase of an engineering product design
Ans follows the concept design phase where various concepts are
: generated and evaluated to produce a single final concept.
Embodiment design is one of the main stages of the product design
process in which, the main engineering product design concept is
developed as per the product design specification (PDS) and economic
criteria to a stage where subsequent detailed design can lead directly
into production.
Embodiment product design phase of an engineering product design
follows the concept design phase where various concepts are
generated and evaluated to produce a single final concept. Embodiment
design phase activities can be divided into three sections or phases
1. Product architecture 2.Design configuration.3Parametric design.
Product Design Parametric
architecture configuration design
E
mbodiment design phases
Embodiment design is a complex process as many design activities
must be simultaneously performed, some of the design activities need
to be repeated several times with changing data and any changes in
one section will influence another section of the design. Every
engineering product design is different and adds this to the above
challenges, precisely the reason why it’s very difficult to have strict
set-out plans for the embodiment design phase. So, at the embodiment
stage of new product development, an abstract design concept will get
moulded into a system or product that works and can be manufactured
within the allocated unit cost.
DSLR architecture
System-level design is defined by how each subcomponent or modules interact with
each other in a product level and the function of each subcomponent. Product
SEAT No. :
P3278 [Total No. of Pages : 2
[5670]-547
B.E. (Mechanical Engineering)
PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
(2015 Pattern) (Semester - II) (Elective - IV) (402050C) (End Sem.)
Time : 2½ Hours] [Max. Marks : 70
Instructions to the candidates:
1) Answer Q.1 or 2, Q.3 or 4, Q.5 or 6, Q.7 or 8, Q.9 or 10.
2) Neat diagrams must be drawn wherever necessary.
3) Assume suitable data if necessary.
Q1) Enlist and explain Modern approaches to product design. [6]
a) Modern Product Development Process
Product development is the process that involves the set of
Ans: activities .These activities are creating task, Understanding task,
Communication the task and testing task. There are three major phases of
product development.
a) Realize the opportunity
b) Develop the concept.
c) Implement the concept.
3.1. Realize the opportunity
→ Here we characterize four activities .The first step in product
development process is to have a vision for a new product. It involves
certain questions like
a) What product we wish to have?
b) What are the difficulties associated with current product that we use?
c) Why does the product that does not perform something we want?
The answer to these questions will be a vision for the new product.
→Everyone has an idea for a new product. The question is that whether any
vision can be transferred into successful understandable product. Whether
it can be developed and implemented into new product.
→After developing we have to look for market opportunity available for the
product by performing different types of analysis which will give an idea
whether the developed new product will hold the market or not analysis
which will give an idea whether the developed new product will hold the
market or not.
→Next step is to collect and realize the customer needs. Ones we got the
customer needs the competitive product in the market must be analyzed
with respect to new product in terms of satisfaction of these customer
needs.
3.2. Develop the concept
→After getting all available information about new product that, what it
must do? How it must be fit in market? And what should be the range of cost
of new product? Now the design team can start their working to meet these
expectations.
→The first activity in this effort is to design a general set of market
specification for the product. By understanding the portfolio architecture,
customer needs and competition it inclines design team towards generation
of new concept.
→After generating the new concept the functional model and alternative
product architecture set is prepared for effective concept engineering.
Functional model describes the inputs, outputs, and transformations that
must take place for a product to work. Here the product development team
, get many concepts for implementation. Design team must select one
concept to implement.
Explain Black box model for understanding the customer needs. [4]
b) The black box model of consumer behaviour identifies the stimuli
responsible for buyer behavior. The buyer’s black box, comprises two
Ans: sub components - the buyer’s characteristics and the buyer decision
process.
The buyer’s characteristics could be personal, social, cultural and
psychological. These are internal to the buyer and the marketer
cannot hope to bring much change into this
The buyer’s decision making process consists of the following steps:
1. Problem recognition: The consumer identifies the need for a
product.
2. Information search: Once the need has been recognized, the
consumer will look for more information on the various products
that satisfy the need. For example, if the consumer is looking for
a cellphone-he might want to get in-depth knowledge of various
phones available in the market
3. Evaluation of alternatives: The set of all phones are then
compared upon certain parameters that the user will desire in his
product. For example the user might compare phones on style,
design, features, aesthetics etc.
4. Purchase decision: Based on the above parameters, the user
ranks the products and then buys the one which fit all criteria
5. Post purchase behaviour: The user might want to revise his views
on the product or criteria of selection based on the product’s
performance.
The black box model considers the buyer's response as a result of a
conscious and well informed decision making process in which he is
not impulsive. Hence, this concludes the definition of The Black Box
Model along with its overview.
Q2) For an appropriate product discuss the concept of economic analysis. [6]
a) Economic analysis is the study of economic systems. It may also be a
study of a production process or an industry. Economists say that
economic analysis is a systematic approach to find out what the
optimum use of scarce resources. Economic analysis involves
comparing at least two alternatives in achieving, for example, a certain
goal under specific constraints and assumptions.
For companies, the goal of an economic analysis is to provide a clear
picture of the current economic climate. Specifically, what the impact
of the economic climate is or might be on the company’s ability to
operate commercially.
The business has 20 warehouse employees. They earn Rs.30,000 per
year each, i.e., they represent a total annual wage bill of
Rs.600,000.The robots cost Rs 1,50,000 each. The price includes ten
years of free maintenance. Therefore, the cost of automating the
warehouse is Rs.6, 00,000.The company must also employ a roboticist,
whose salary is Rs.50, 000 per year. Over a ten-year period, the cost of
the robots plus the roboticist will be Rs.6, 00,000 + Rs.5, 00,000 =
11,00,000. The company will save Rs.49, 00,000 over that ten-year
period if it replaces the human workers with robots.
Explain concept of product testing. [4]
b) Product testing, also called consumer testing or comparative testing, is
a process of measuring the properties or performance of products.
Ans: The theory is that since the advent of mass production manufacturers
produce branded products which they assert and advertise to be
identical within some technical standard.
Product testing seeks to ensure that consumers can understand what
products will do for them and which products are the best values.
Product testing is a strategy to increase consumer protection by
, checking the claims made during marketing strategies such as
advertising, which by their nature are in the interest of the entity
distributing the service and not necessarily in the interest of the
consumer. The advent of product testing was the beginning of the
modern consumer movement.
Product testing might be accomplished by a manufacturer, an
independent laboratory, a government agency, etc. Often an existing
formal test method is used as a basis for testing. Other times engineers
develop methods of test which are suited to the specific purpose.
Comparative testing subjects several replicate samples of similar
products to identical test conditions.
Q3) What is mean by Concept Embodiment explain with suitable example. [8]
a) Embodiment product design phase of an engineering product design
Ans follows the concept design phase where various concepts are
: generated and evaluated to produce a single final concept.
Embodiment design is one of the main stages of the product design
process in which, the main engineering product design concept is
developed as per the product design specification (PDS) and economic
criteria to a stage where subsequent detailed design can lead directly
into production.
Embodiment product design phase of an engineering product design
follows the concept design phase where various concepts are
generated and evaluated to produce a single final concept. Embodiment
design phase activities can be divided into three sections or phases
1. Product architecture 2.Design configuration.3Parametric design.
Product Design Parametric
architecture configuration design
E
mbodiment design phases
Embodiment design is a complex process as many design activities
must be simultaneously performed, some of the design activities need
to be repeated several times with changing data and any changes in
one section will influence another section of the design. Every
engineering product design is different and adds this to the above
challenges, precisely the reason why it’s very difficult to have strict
set-out plans for the embodiment design phase. So, at the embodiment
stage of new product development, an abstract design concept will get
moulded into a system or product that works and can be manufactured
within the allocated unit cost.
DSLR architecture
System-level design is defined by how each subcomponent or modules interact with
each other in a product level and the function of each subcomponent. Product
