NM701- GYNO EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Know the location and the function of each of the following structures:
A. Vulva- externally visual, includes:
1. Mons pubis-protects symphysis pubis
2. Labia majora-assist in keeping vaginal introitus closed, which helps prevent infection
3. Labia minora- assists in closing the opening of the urethra and vagina
4. Clitoris- w/ labia minora-plays critical role in sexual activity
5. Urethral orifice
B. Vaginal introitus/orifice
C. Skene’s glands- release mucus, discharge usually indicative of infection*
D. Bartholin’s glands- secretes lubricating mucus into the introitus during sexual
excitement
E. Ovaries- produce gametes (ova) and sex hormones estrogen and progesterone
F. Fallopian tubes- (oviducts) -egg transportation to the uterus
G. Uterus/Cervix/Vagina
Describe the breast and pubic hair development for each Tanner stage. When
(approximately) would you expect to see these stages occur?
The changes that occur during puberty usually happen in an ordered sequence:
beginning with thelarche at around age 10 or 11 (not abnormal for it to start between
8yo-13yo -Black girls are also noted to begin puberty earlier than white girls*),
, followed by adrenarche (growth of pubic hair due to androgen stimulation), peak height
velocity, and finally menarche (onset of menses), which usually occurs around age 12
or 13 (Tanner’s stage 3-4). Peak height usually occurs about 2 years after breast
budding and about 1 year prior to menarche
-those who have not reached puberty by age 13, or who have not had menarche by age
15 should be evaluated
We usually think of menstrual cycles as being regular, but they often aren't for
young teens. Why aren't they, and when is regularity expected to develop?
Regularity usually occurs during Tanners stage 5- may be 1-1.5 years (12-21 months
after menarche).
Irregular cycles are probably due to an immature hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian (HPO)
axis
What are the sources, roles/actions, patterns of secretion, and feedback systems
that control the secretion of the following hormones: gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH),
estrogen, and progesterone?
The term "menstrual cycle" refers to both the endometrial/uterine and ovarian
phases. What are the ovarian and endometrial phases of the menstrual cycle, and
what changes occur in the other reproductive organs during this time?
Ovarian Cycle: follicular phase, ovulatory phase, luteal phase
Endometrial Cycle: menstrual phase, proliferative phase, and secretory phase
Estrogen and FSH have negative feedback loop- estrogen goes down during corpus
luteum phase, causes FSH to increase starting in follicular phase, then estrogen, FSH,
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED LATEST UPDATE
Know the location and the function of each of the following structures:
A. Vulva- externally visual, includes:
1. Mons pubis-protects symphysis pubis
2. Labia majora-assist in keeping vaginal introitus closed, which helps prevent infection
3. Labia minora- assists in closing the opening of the urethra and vagina
4. Clitoris- w/ labia minora-plays critical role in sexual activity
5. Urethral orifice
B. Vaginal introitus/orifice
C. Skene’s glands- release mucus, discharge usually indicative of infection*
D. Bartholin’s glands- secretes lubricating mucus into the introitus during sexual
excitement
E. Ovaries- produce gametes (ova) and sex hormones estrogen and progesterone
F. Fallopian tubes- (oviducts) -egg transportation to the uterus
G. Uterus/Cervix/Vagina
Describe the breast and pubic hair development for each Tanner stage. When
(approximately) would you expect to see these stages occur?
The changes that occur during puberty usually happen in an ordered sequence:
beginning with thelarche at around age 10 or 11 (not abnormal for it to start between
8yo-13yo -Black girls are also noted to begin puberty earlier than white girls*),
, followed by adrenarche (growth of pubic hair due to androgen stimulation), peak height
velocity, and finally menarche (onset of menses), which usually occurs around age 12
or 13 (Tanner’s stage 3-4). Peak height usually occurs about 2 years after breast
budding and about 1 year prior to menarche
-those who have not reached puberty by age 13, or who have not had menarche by age
15 should be evaluated
We usually think of menstrual cycles as being regular, but they often aren't for
young teens. Why aren't they, and when is regularity expected to develop?
Regularity usually occurs during Tanners stage 5- may be 1-1.5 years (12-21 months
after menarche).
Irregular cycles are probably due to an immature hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian (HPO)
axis
What are the sources, roles/actions, patterns of secretion, and feedback systems
that control the secretion of the following hormones: gonadotropin-releasing
hormone (GnRH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH),
estrogen, and progesterone?
The term "menstrual cycle" refers to both the endometrial/uterine and ovarian
phases. What are the ovarian and endometrial phases of the menstrual cycle, and
what changes occur in the other reproductive organs during this time?
Ovarian Cycle: follicular phase, ovulatory phase, luteal phase
Endometrial Cycle: menstrual phase, proliferative phase, and secretory phase
Estrogen and FSH have negative feedback loop- estrogen goes down during corpus
luteum phase, causes FSH to increase starting in follicular phase, then estrogen, FSH,
