NM 701 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What would be birth control methods that are highly effective, easily
reversible method and you dont have to think about every day?
Nexplanon
IUD
Depo Provera
Moderately effective, but not as effective as IUDs or implants.
Up to 18 months for fertility to resume, esp after longer use.
Nuvaring (Ethinyl Estradiol/Etonogestrel)
Moderately effective
CAN BE LEFT OUT UP TO 3 CONSECUTIVE HRS
IF out less than 48hrs in week 1/2, reinsert same ring. backup recommended
IF out MORE than 48 hrs in week1/2, reinsert x7d backup
If out MORE than 48 hrs in week 3, skip week 4 and reinsert new ring. consider e-
contraception and use 7d backup
Annovera (Ring)
If out less than 2hrs, nothing is needed
If out for more than 48, use backup for 7d
What is the relationship between weight gain and brth control pills?
There is no weight gain for women who use any kind of pills
What percent of fertilized eggs do not implant?
,40 - 60%
What percentage of pregnancies in the United States are unplanned?
49%
Which BC methods contain hormones?
IUD's except copper
The patch Ortho Evra/Xulane/Twirla (estrogen & progestin)
All pills
What is importnat to know about BBT?
Basal body temperature rises only AFTER ovulation, making it a poor predictor unless a
woman has a very, very regular cycle.
Wht is the effectiveness of certain BC methods with TYPICAL use?
Sterilization, IUD/IMPLANT - HIGH
Pills, Rings/Patch, Depo - MODERATE
Condoms/fertility awareness/diaphragm, cap, spermicides, withdrawal - LOW
What is the effectiveness and safety of POP's?
moderately to highly effective
high safety
What is the effectiveness and safety of copper IUD only BC?
Highly effective, highly safe
What is the effectiveness and safety of estrogen plus progestin only BC?
moderately effective, moderately safe
What is the effectiveness and safety of fertility awareness BC?
low effectiveness, high safety
,Informed consent using the BRAIDED mnemonic
Benefits
Risks including failure
Alternatives (including abstinence and no method)
Inquiries
Decision to withdraw at any time
Explanation
Documentation of understanding by consent form
Describe the ethical, pragmatic, and legal basis for informed choice and consent
in family planning and reproductive health care.
Ethical: People have a right to decide what is done to their bodies
Pragmatic:
people are more likely to use their method properly when they freely choose and
thoroughly understand it.
Legal:
must provide adequate information to help patients reach a reasonable and informed
decision
What are some key developments in the history of contraception, and when did
these occur?
1564: first condom is a linen with a string
5. 1700: Casanova describes using half a lemon as primitive cervical cap
6. 1823: first vasectomy on a dog
7. 1855: Condoms mass produced with vulcanized rubber
, 8. 1873: Comstock Act makes contraceptives illegal until 1938: penalty is up to 5 years
in jail
9. 1876: Oscar Hertwig proves fusion of egg and
Sperm
10. 1916: Margaret Sanger opens first Birth Control clinic in US.
11. 1920: scientists study fertility, develops Rhythm method
12. 1960: Enovid hits the market as first contraceptive pill
13. 1965: Griswold v. Connecticut makes the pill available to all married women in all
states, unmarried women have to wait until 1972
14. 1969: addition of copper makes IUD’s over 95% effective
15. 1990: Norplant, first implant in US
16. 1999: “morning after” pill available by Rx.
17. 2006: new contraceptive includes patch, vaginal ring, a hormone injection and
matchstick size Implant
18. 2015: currently half of all pregnancies are unintended, 1/3 abandon pill within first
year
19. 2022: testosterone based gel that men rub into shoulder
& snip free alt to vasectomy and “clean sheets’ pill that would allow men to have dry
orgasms
What are the primary mechanisms of action for each contraceptive method?
1.Abstinence, fertility awareness based methods & Male sterilization - stops sperm from
exiting penis
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What would be birth control methods that are highly effective, easily
reversible method and you dont have to think about every day?
Nexplanon
IUD
Depo Provera
Moderately effective, but not as effective as IUDs or implants.
Up to 18 months for fertility to resume, esp after longer use.
Nuvaring (Ethinyl Estradiol/Etonogestrel)
Moderately effective
CAN BE LEFT OUT UP TO 3 CONSECUTIVE HRS
IF out less than 48hrs in week 1/2, reinsert same ring. backup recommended
IF out MORE than 48 hrs in week1/2, reinsert x7d backup
If out MORE than 48 hrs in week 3, skip week 4 and reinsert new ring. consider e-
contraception and use 7d backup
Annovera (Ring)
If out less than 2hrs, nothing is needed
If out for more than 48, use backup for 7d
What is the relationship between weight gain and brth control pills?
There is no weight gain for women who use any kind of pills
What percent of fertilized eggs do not implant?
,40 - 60%
What percentage of pregnancies in the United States are unplanned?
49%
Which BC methods contain hormones?
IUD's except copper
The patch Ortho Evra/Xulane/Twirla (estrogen & progestin)
All pills
What is importnat to know about BBT?
Basal body temperature rises only AFTER ovulation, making it a poor predictor unless a
woman has a very, very regular cycle.
Wht is the effectiveness of certain BC methods with TYPICAL use?
Sterilization, IUD/IMPLANT - HIGH
Pills, Rings/Patch, Depo - MODERATE
Condoms/fertility awareness/diaphragm, cap, spermicides, withdrawal - LOW
What is the effectiveness and safety of POP's?
moderately to highly effective
high safety
What is the effectiveness and safety of copper IUD only BC?
Highly effective, highly safe
What is the effectiveness and safety of estrogen plus progestin only BC?
moderately effective, moderately safe
What is the effectiveness and safety of fertility awareness BC?
low effectiveness, high safety
,Informed consent using the BRAIDED mnemonic
Benefits
Risks including failure
Alternatives (including abstinence and no method)
Inquiries
Decision to withdraw at any time
Explanation
Documentation of understanding by consent form
Describe the ethical, pragmatic, and legal basis for informed choice and consent
in family planning and reproductive health care.
Ethical: People have a right to decide what is done to their bodies
Pragmatic:
people are more likely to use their method properly when they freely choose and
thoroughly understand it.
Legal:
must provide adequate information to help patients reach a reasonable and informed
decision
What are some key developments in the history of contraception, and when did
these occur?
1564: first condom is a linen with a string
5. 1700: Casanova describes using half a lemon as primitive cervical cap
6. 1823: first vasectomy on a dog
7. 1855: Condoms mass produced with vulcanized rubber
, 8. 1873: Comstock Act makes contraceptives illegal until 1938: penalty is up to 5 years
in jail
9. 1876: Oscar Hertwig proves fusion of egg and
Sperm
10. 1916: Margaret Sanger opens first Birth Control clinic in US.
11. 1920: scientists study fertility, develops Rhythm method
12. 1960: Enovid hits the market as first contraceptive pill
13. 1965: Griswold v. Connecticut makes the pill available to all married women in all
states, unmarried women have to wait until 1972
14. 1969: addition of copper makes IUD’s over 95% effective
15. 1990: Norplant, first implant in US
16. 1999: “morning after” pill available by Rx.
17. 2006: new contraceptive includes patch, vaginal ring, a hormone injection and
matchstick size Implant
18. 2015: currently half of all pregnancies are unintended, 1/3 abandon pill within first
year
19. 2022: testosterone based gel that men rub into shoulder
& snip free alt to vasectomy and “clean sheets’ pill that would allow men to have dry
orgasms
What are the primary mechanisms of action for each contraceptive method?
1.Abstinence, fertility awareness based methods & Male sterilization - stops sperm from
exiting penis
