NM 701 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Mammogram
x-rays, detect non-palpable abnormalities if woman is of appropriate screening age or
has a solid mass, cannot r/o malignancy, can detect both benign and malignant
calcifications
Ultrasound
- sound waves, helps distinguish cystic from solid mass, not as accurate as tissue
sampling
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- magnetic fields which may be enhanced w/gadolinium contrast, detects tissue
w/increased blood flow such as tumors, recommended for screening women at high risk
but not for average risk, helpful in identifying occult breast cancer when axillary node
metastases but no visible carcinoma on mammogram or US, can assist w/staging and
therapy evaluation, high false-positive rate
Serum prolactin level
- measures for hyperprolactinemia, which can be related to pituitary prolactin-secreting
tumor
TSH
- test for hypothyroidism, which has been associated with galactorrhea
Hemoccult testing
, - guaiac testing and cytology -not recommended for nipple discharge
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
- tissue for cytologic eval aspirated w/small needle, differentiates solid and cystic
masses, used for palpable breast mass or thickening
Stereotactic core needle biopsy
- large-bore needle for cores of tissue for histology, stereotactic mammography used for
localization and targeting, used for density or calcification seen on mammogram
Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy
- large-bore needle for cores of tissue for histology, US used, use for solid lesion seen
on US
Needle-localized breast biopsy
- use of a wire to localize an occult mammographic abnormality prior to excisional
biopsy, used for density or calcification seen on mammogram in a location that cannot
be effectively assessed w/core biopsy
Excisional breast biopsy
- surgical procedure that requires skin excision, mass or mammographic abnormality is
removed w/surrounding margin of normal-appearing tissue, used for palpable breast
mass or thickening or skin change, only used for initial diagnosis when needle biopsy
not feasible
mammary duct ectasia
-Ductal dilation and inflammation; Discharge can be: bilateral, multiductal, green/black/
brown, typically older than age 50, dilation of the ducts w/surrounding inflammation and
fibrosis, may be accompanied by a palpable mass
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
Mammogram
x-rays, detect non-palpable abnormalities if woman is of appropriate screening age or
has a solid mass, cannot r/o malignancy, can detect both benign and malignant
calcifications
Ultrasound
- sound waves, helps distinguish cystic from solid mass, not as accurate as tissue
sampling
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- magnetic fields which may be enhanced w/gadolinium contrast, detects tissue
w/increased blood flow such as tumors, recommended for screening women at high risk
but not for average risk, helpful in identifying occult breast cancer when axillary node
metastases but no visible carcinoma on mammogram or US, can assist w/staging and
therapy evaluation, high false-positive rate
Serum prolactin level
- measures for hyperprolactinemia, which can be related to pituitary prolactin-secreting
tumor
TSH
- test for hypothyroidism, which has been associated with galactorrhea
Hemoccult testing
, - guaiac testing and cytology -not recommended for nipple discharge
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
- tissue for cytologic eval aspirated w/small needle, differentiates solid and cystic
masses, used for palpable breast mass or thickening
Stereotactic core needle biopsy
- large-bore needle for cores of tissue for histology, stereotactic mammography used for
localization and targeting, used for density or calcification seen on mammogram
Ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy
- large-bore needle for cores of tissue for histology, US used, use for solid lesion seen
on US
Needle-localized breast biopsy
- use of a wire to localize an occult mammographic abnormality prior to excisional
biopsy, used for density or calcification seen on mammogram in a location that cannot
be effectively assessed w/core biopsy
Excisional breast biopsy
- surgical procedure that requires skin excision, mass or mammographic abnormality is
removed w/surrounding margin of normal-appearing tissue, used for palpable breast
mass or thickening or skin change, only used for initial diagnosis when needle biopsy
not feasible
mammary duct ectasia
-Ductal dilation and inflammation; Discharge can be: bilateral, multiductal, green/black/
brown, typically older than age 50, dilation of the ducts w/surrounding inflammation and
fibrosis, may be accompanied by a palpable mass
