American History to 1877 Final
Exam with answers.
Missouri Compromise - Ans>>>Deal proposed by Kentucky senator Henry Clay in
1820 to resolve the slave/free imbalance in Congress that would result from
Missouri's admission as a slave state; Maine's admission as a free state offset
Missouri, and slavery was prohibited in the remainder of the Louisiana territory
north of the southern border of Missouri.
Nullification Crisis - Ans>>>Conflict in the 19th century over a state's rights to
invalidate federal law within its borders. First expounded in TJ's draft of the
Kentucky resolution; cited by SC in its Ordinance of Nullification (1832) of the
Tariff of Abominations, used by southern states to explain their secession from
the Union (1861)
,Andrew Jackson - Ans>>>Self-proclaimed champion of the common man, and his
version of democracy excluded Indians, who he felt should be pushed west of the
Mississippi River, and for African Americans, who should remain as slaves or be
freed and sent abroad. Had an abiding suspicion for banks and paper money, but
despite his fears about the market revolution, and commitment to the states
shaping governmental activity, he was a strong nationalist (often depicted as a
king in imagery). Introduced the spoils system, which incentivized loyalty to state
above all else.
Indian Removal Act - Ans>>>(1830) Signed by President Andrew Jackson, the law
permitted the negotiation of treaties to obtain the Indians' lands in exchange for
their relocation to what would become Oklahoma. Between 1830-1840, the
removal of the 'civilized' tribes from the southeast all but eliminated Indian
presence east of the Mississippi River (Cherokee, Sioux, Sauk, Choctaw, and
Seminoles)
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia - Ans>>>(1831) Marshall described Indians as wards
of the federal government who deserved paternal regard and protection, but had
no standing as citizens that would force the government to enforce their rights
Worcester v. Georgia - Ans>>>(1832) Held that Indian nations were a distinct
people with the right to maintain a separate political identity.
, Manifest Destiny - Ans>>>First used in 1845 to urge annexation of Texas; used
thereafter to encourage American settlement of European colonial and Indian
lands in the Great Plains and the West, and, more generally, as a justification for
American empire
Texas - Ans>>>The offer accepted by the Mexican government from Moses Austin
led to massive settlement of Americans in Texas, who brought their slaves into
what was previously a slave-free territory. Later attempts by the Mexican
government to impose central authority (Santa Anna's army storming the Alamo,
caused the Texans to unite under Sam Houston for Texan independence in 1836).
The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war with Mexico, also
confirmed the annexation of Texas.
James K. Polk - Ans>>>Relatively unknown when elected to be president, came in
with a clear set of goals: to reduce the tariff, reestablish the independent treasury
system, settle the dispute over ownership of Oregon, and bring California into the
Union
Wilmot Proviso - Ans>>>Proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired in the
Mexican War, but southern senators, led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina,
defeated the measure in 1846 and 1847.
Exam with answers.
Missouri Compromise - Ans>>>Deal proposed by Kentucky senator Henry Clay in
1820 to resolve the slave/free imbalance in Congress that would result from
Missouri's admission as a slave state; Maine's admission as a free state offset
Missouri, and slavery was prohibited in the remainder of the Louisiana territory
north of the southern border of Missouri.
Nullification Crisis - Ans>>>Conflict in the 19th century over a state's rights to
invalidate federal law within its borders. First expounded in TJ's draft of the
Kentucky resolution; cited by SC in its Ordinance of Nullification (1832) of the
Tariff of Abominations, used by southern states to explain their secession from
the Union (1861)
,Andrew Jackson - Ans>>>Self-proclaimed champion of the common man, and his
version of democracy excluded Indians, who he felt should be pushed west of the
Mississippi River, and for African Americans, who should remain as slaves or be
freed and sent abroad. Had an abiding suspicion for banks and paper money, but
despite his fears about the market revolution, and commitment to the states
shaping governmental activity, he was a strong nationalist (often depicted as a
king in imagery). Introduced the spoils system, which incentivized loyalty to state
above all else.
Indian Removal Act - Ans>>>(1830) Signed by President Andrew Jackson, the law
permitted the negotiation of treaties to obtain the Indians' lands in exchange for
their relocation to what would become Oklahoma. Between 1830-1840, the
removal of the 'civilized' tribes from the southeast all but eliminated Indian
presence east of the Mississippi River (Cherokee, Sioux, Sauk, Choctaw, and
Seminoles)
Cherokee Nation v. Georgia - Ans>>>(1831) Marshall described Indians as wards
of the federal government who deserved paternal regard and protection, but had
no standing as citizens that would force the government to enforce their rights
Worcester v. Georgia - Ans>>>(1832) Held that Indian nations were a distinct
people with the right to maintain a separate political identity.
, Manifest Destiny - Ans>>>First used in 1845 to urge annexation of Texas; used
thereafter to encourage American settlement of European colonial and Indian
lands in the Great Plains and the West, and, more generally, as a justification for
American empire
Texas - Ans>>>The offer accepted by the Mexican government from Moses Austin
led to massive settlement of Americans in Texas, who brought their slaves into
what was previously a slave-free territory. Later attempts by the Mexican
government to impose central authority (Santa Anna's army storming the Alamo,
caused the Texans to unite under Sam Houston for Texan independence in 1836).
The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which ended the war with Mexico, also
confirmed the annexation of Texas.
James K. Polk - Ans>>>Relatively unknown when elected to be president, came in
with a clear set of goals: to reduce the tariff, reestablish the independent treasury
system, settle the dispute over ownership of Oregon, and bring California into the
Union
Wilmot Proviso - Ans>>>Proposal to prohibit slavery in any land acquired in the
Mexican War, but southern senators, led by John C. Calhoun of South Carolina,
defeated the measure in 1846 and 1847.
