NM701 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is the endocrine triad that controls the menstrual cycle?
The HPO axis
The hypothalamus secretes _____________?
GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
-this stimulates the ant. pituitary
Stimulated by GnRH, the anterior pituitary makes _______________?
FSH and LH
-these act on the ovaries
What does FSH do?
stimulates the ovaries to produce follicles, which produce estrogen
FSH-->ovaries-->estrogen
What does LH do?
promotes ovulation
What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?
,1. follicular phase
2. ovulation
3. luteal phase
What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle?
1. Proliferative
2. Secretory
3. Menstrual
When is the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
From start of menstruation to just before ovulation
Lasts ~10 to 17 days, variable
What is happening in Days 1 to 5 of the follicular phase?
10 to 20 follicles are growing, secreting estrogen, competing for dominance
estrogen at moderate level; acts on hypothalamus and ant. pituitary to inhibit FSH and
LH (negative feedback loop)
What happens Days 7 to end of the follicular phase?
Day 7, a follicle is chosen! Others breakdown
This follicle produces high levels of estrogen, stimulates FSH and LH (positive
feedback loop)
ovulation induced by LH surge
, dominant follicle bulging and ready to pop
Describe the ovulatory phase
32 to 44 hours after LH surge
POP
ovulation predictor tests measure LH
What is the corpus luteum?
After ovulation, walls of follicle collapse in, create corpus luteum (CL)
produces large amounts of progesterone
Describe the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
Consistently 14 days from ovulation to start of next menses
CL produces copious progesterone for ~9 to 11 days
-->suppresses new follicle formation
-->elevates basal body temp
What happens if no conception occurs after ovulation?
CL rapidly regresses 9 to 11 days after ovulation
-->declining progesterone
-->w/d of hormones
-->menstruation at 14 days
When is the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?
VERIFIED SOLUTIONS GRADED A++
What is the endocrine triad that controls the menstrual cycle?
The HPO axis
The hypothalamus secretes _____________?
GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone)
-this stimulates the ant. pituitary
Stimulated by GnRH, the anterior pituitary makes _______________?
FSH and LH
-these act on the ovaries
What does FSH do?
stimulates the ovaries to produce follicles, which produce estrogen
FSH-->ovaries-->estrogen
What does LH do?
promotes ovulation
What are the 3 phases of the ovarian cycle?
,1. follicular phase
2. ovulation
3. luteal phase
What are the 3 phases of the uterine cycle?
1. Proliferative
2. Secretory
3. Menstrual
When is the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle
From start of menstruation to just before ovulation
Lasts ~10 to 17 days, variable
What is happening in Days 1 to 5 of the follicular phase?
10 to 20 follicles are growing, secreting estrogen, competing for dominance
estrogen at moderate level; acts on hypothalamus and ant. pituitary to inhibit FSH and
LH (negative feedback loop)
What happens Days 7 to end of the follicular phase?
Day 7, a follicle is chosen! Others breakdown
This follicle produces high levels of estrogen, stimulates FSH and LH (positive
feedback loop)
ovulation induced by LH surge
, dominant follicle bulging and ready to pop
Describe the ovulatory phase
32 to 44 hours after LH surge
POP
ovulation predictor tests measure LH
What is the corpus luteum?
After ovulation, walls of follicle collapse in, create corpus luteum (CL)
produces large amounts of progesterone
Describe the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle
Consistently 14 days from ovulation to start of next menses
CL produces copious progesterone for ~9 to 11 days
-->suppresses new follicle formation
-->elevates basal body temp
What happens if no conception occurs after ovulation?
CL rapidly regresses 9 to 11 days after ovulation
-->declining progesterone
-->w/d of hormones
-->menstruation at 14 days
When is the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?
