Line Items Stage 2: Orals 9-13 & Flights 8-15
1. Typical reasons for holding:
Thunderstorms Flow control (traffic)
Low vis/ceilings
Snow plowing
Problem at the
airport
2. Two different types of holding: Random and Published
3. Protected Airspace: Airspace wherein holding is conducted, as
determined by FAA TERPS Criteria.
Primary Area and Secondary Area.
Exact dimensions of protected airspace will not be known, but allow
for varying buffers to account for wind corrections, varying ground
speeds, and terrain and obstacle clearance.
4. Maximum Holding Speeds: MHA - 6,000' MSL 200
KIAS 6,001' - 14,000' MSL 230 KIAS
14,001' - above 265 KIAS
5. Three types of standard holding entries:
Direct Parallel
Teardrop
6. Direct Entry Procedure: 1. Fly directly to the fix.
2.TURN directly to the outbound leg to follow the holding pattern.
3.TIME (n/a DME) once abeam the fix for one minute.
4.TWIST the CDI to the inbound HDG
5.THROTTLE cruise (2200-2300 RPM)
6.TALK to ATC, report the entry.
7. Parallel Entry Procedure: 1. Fly directly to the fix.
2.TURN to the outbound HDG, paralleling the inbound leg.
3.TIME (n/a DME) once wing-level.
4.TWIST the CDI to the inbound HDG.
, Line Items Stage 2: Orals 9-13 & Flights 8-15
5.THROTTLE cruise
6.TALK to ATC, report the entry.
Once time on the paralleled outbound HDG has completed:
7.TURN around to inbound leg, intercepting at 45 degree angle.
8. Teardrop Entry Procedure: 1. Fly directly to the fix
2.TURN to the outbound HDG +/- (LARS direction of turns) 30
degrees into protected side of hold.
3.TIME (n/a DME) heading for one minute.
4.TWIST the CDI to the inbound HDG.
5.THROTTLE cruise
6.TALK to ATC, report entry.
Once time on the +/- 30 degree heading has expired:
7.TURN in direction of pattern of turns to join the inbound leg.
9. If unable to receive hold instructions prior to reaching the fix, what is
the procedure?: Enter a standard pattern on the course on which
the aircraft approached the fix, and request further clearance
ASAP.
10.What should occur at and within 3 minutes from a clearance limit, if
clearance beyond the fix has not been received?: Pilot is expected to
reduce speed to cross the fix at/below the max holding speed (100 KIAS
per Epic Stands)
Controller should issue a clearance by 5 mins in advance of reaching fix
IF possible and if no delay is expected.
11.Elements of an uncharted holding pattern clearances: 1. Direction of
holding from the fix
2. Holding fix
3. Radial/course/bearing/arwy/rte
4. Leg length (miles/time)
, Line Items Stage 2: Orals 9-13 & Flights 8-15
5. Direction of turns if nonstandard
6.Time to expect further clearance
1. Typical reasons for holding:
Thunderstorms Flow control (traffic)
Low vis/ceilings
Snow plowing
Problem at the
airport
2. Two different types of holding: Random and Published
3. Protected Airspace: Airspace wherein holding is conducted, as
determined by FAA TERPS Criteria.
Primary Area and Secondary Area.
Exact dimensions of protected airspace will not be known, but allow
for varying buffers to account for wind corrections, varying ground
speeds, and terrain and obstacle clearance.
4. Maximum Holding Speeds: MHA - 6,000' MSL 200
KIAS 6,001' - 14,000' MSL 230 KIAS
14,001' - above 265 KIAS
5. Three types of standard holding entries:
Direct Parallel
Teardrop
6. Direct Entry Procedure: 1. Fly directly to the fix.
2.TURN directly to the outbound leg to follow the holding pattern.
3.TIME (n/a DME) once abeam the fix for one minute.
4.TWIST the CDI to the inbound HDG
5.THROTTLE cruise (2200-2300 RPM)
6.TALK to ATC, report the entry.
7. Parallel Entry Procedure: 1. Fly directly to the fix.
2.TURN to the outbound HDG, paralleling the inbound leg.
3.TIME (n/a DME) once wing-level.
4.TWIST the CDI to the inbound HDG.
, Line Items Stage 2: Orals 9-13 & Flights 8-15
5.THROTTLE cruise
6.TALK to ATC, report the entry.
Once time on the paralleled outbound HDG has completed:
7.TURN around to inbound leg, intercepting at 45 degree angle.
8. Teardrop Entry Procedure: 1. Fly directly to the fix
2.TURN to the outbound HDG +/- (LARS direction of turns) 30
degrees into protected side of hold.
3.TIME (n/a DME) heading for one minute.
4.TWIST the CDI to the inbound HDG.
5.THROTTLE cruise
6.TALK to ATC, report entry.
Once time on the +/- 30 degree heading has expired:
7.TURN in direction of pattern of turns to join the inbound leg.
9. If unable to receive hold instructions prior to reaching the fix, what is
the procedure?: Enter a standard pattern on the course on which
the aircraft approached the fix, and request further clearance
ASAP.
10.What should occur at and within 3 minutes from a clearance limit, if
clearance beyond the fix has not been received?: Pilot is expected to
reduce speed to cross the fix at/below the max holding speed (100 KIAS
per Epic Stands)
Controller should issue a clearance by 5 mins in advance of reaching fix
IF possible and if no delay is expected.
11.Elements of an uncharted holding pattern clearances: 1. Direction of
holding from the fix
2. Holding fix
3. Radial/course/bearing/arwy/rte
4. Leg length (miles/time)
, Line Items Stage 2: Orals 9-13 & Flights 8-15
5. Direction of turns if nonstandard
6.Time to expect further clearance
