BIOTECHNOLOGY EXAM REVISION
STUDYGUIDE
Plasma Membrane
A thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
Phospholipids
A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of
biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head
and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail
Cholesterol
A type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor
part of fat in foods
Lipid Bilayer
Double-layered sheet that forms the core of all cell
membranes made of phospholipids
Integral Peripheral Protein
penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid around the inside the cell in which the
organelles are suspended
Mitochondria
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in
which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy
production occur
Ribosomes
A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and
functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the
cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which
make up two subunits
, Smooth ER
Is ER that does not have ribosomes attached, major site of
lipid synthesis
Rough ER
ER that is dotted with ribosomes
Golgi Complex
organelle that modifies, packages, and transports material
out of the cell
Lysosomes
An organelle containing digestive enzymes
Cytoskeleton
A network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps
support the cell
Nucleus
Control center of the cell that contains the DNA
Nucleolus
a small round body of protein in a cell nucleus
Hydrophobic
molecules that are afraid of water
Hydrophilic
molecules that are attracted to water
Glycerol
A small molecule that forms the head region of a
triglyceride fat molecule
Triglyceride
a lipid formed with fatty acids and glycerol
Saturated
Fats with the maximum number of hydrogens
Unsaturated
Fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in
one or more of its fatty acid chains
STUDYGUIDE
Plasma Membrane
A thin membrane around the cytoplasm of a cell
Phospholipids
A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of
biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head
and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail
Cholesterol
A type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor
part of fat in foods
Lipid Bilayer
Double-layered sheet that forms the core of all cell
membranes made of phospholipids
Integral Peripheral Protein
penetrate the peripheral regions of the lipid bilayer
Cytoplasm
A jellylike fluid around the inside the cell in which the
organelles are suspended
Mitochondria
An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in
which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy
production occur
Ribosomes
A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and
functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the
cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which
make up two subunits
, Smooth ER
Is ER that does not have ribosomes attached, major site of
lipid synthesis
Rough ER
ER that is dotted with ribosomes
Golgi Complex
organelle that modifies, packages, and transports material
out of the cell
Lysosomes
An organelle containing digestive enzymes
Cytoskeleton
A network of long protein strands in the cytosol that helps
support the cell
Nucleus
Control center of the cell that contains the DNA
Nucleolus
a small round body of protein in a cell nucleus
Hydrophobic
molecules that are afraid of water
Hydrophilic
molecules that are attracted to water
Glycerol
A small molecule that forms the head region of a
triglyceride fat molecule
Triglyceride
a lipid formed with fatty acids and glycerol
Saturated
Fats with the maximum number of hydrogens
Unsaturated
Fat with less than the maximum number of hydrogens in
one or more of its fatty acid chains
