Toxicologic Antidotes and Their
Pharmacology
1. Activated Charcoal: 1 gm/kg PO if within the first hour of ingestion for both adults and pediatrics.
2. Activated Charcoal Onset: Immediate
3. Activated Charcoal Peak Effect: Variable
4. Activated Charcoal Duration: Until Excreted
5. Activated Charcoal Class: Antidotes, other
6. Activated Charcoal Pharmacologic Action: Adsorbs a variety of drugs and chemicals; desorption of bound
particles may occur unless the ratio of toxin to charcoal is extremely high.
7. Activated Charcoal Indications: Overdose and poisoning related to ingestion.
8. Activated Charcoal Contraindications: Unprotected airway, caustic ingestions, intestinal obstruction.
9. Atropine Sulfate Adult Dose: 2 mg IV/IO until desired effect.
10.Atropine Sulfate Pediatric Dose: 0.02-0.05 mg/kg IV/IO to maximum individual dose of 2 mg.
11.Atropine Sulfate Onset: Immediate
12.Atropine Sulfate Peak Effect: 2-4 minutes
13.Atropine Sulfate Duration: 2-4 hours
14.Atropine Sulfate Class: Anticholinergic, toxicity antidotes
15.Atropine Sulfate Pharmacologic Action: Competitively inhibits action of acetylcholinesterase on autonomic
effectors innervated by post-ganglionic nerves.
16.Atropine Sulfate Indications: Management of nerve agent toxicity, sympto- matic bradycardia,
organophosphate and carbamate insecticide toxicity.
17.Atropine Sulfate Contraindications: No absolute contraindications for ACLS, documented hypersensitivity in
non-ACLS/nerve agent/organophosphate scenar- ios.
18.Calcium Chloride Adult Dose: 1 gm IV/IO push over at least 5 minutes.
19.Calcium Chloride Pediatric Dose: Seek Expert Consultation.
20.Calcium Chloride Onset: 1-3 minutes
21.Calcium Chloride Peak Effect: Variable (20-30 minutes)
22.Calcium Chloride Class: Antidotes, other; calcium salts
23.Calcium Chloride Pharmacologic Action: Bone mineral component; cofactor in enzymatic reactions, essential
for neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and many signal transduction pathways.
24.Calcium Chloride Indications: Known or suspected hyperkalemia, calcium channel-blocker overdose, beta
blocker overdose, known or suspected Magnesium toxicity.
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Pharmacology
1. Activated Charcoal: 1 gm/kg PO if within the first hour of ingestion for both adults and pediatrics.
2. Activated Charcoal Onset: Immediate
3. Activated Charcoal Peak Effect: Variable
4. Activated Charcoal Duration: Until Excreted
5. Activated Charcoal Class: Antidotes, other
6. Activated Charcoal Pharmacologic Action: Adsorbs a variety of drugs and chemicals; desorption of bound
particles may occur unless the ratio of toxin to charcoal is extremely high.
7. Activated Charcoal Indications: Overdose and poisoning related to ingestion.
8. Activated Charcoal Contraindications: Unprotected airway, caustic ingestions, intestinal obstruction.
9. Atropine Sulfate Adult Dose: 2 mg IV/IO until desired effect.
10.Atropine Sulfate Pediatric Dose: 0.02-0.05 mg/kg IV/IO to maximum individual dose of 2 mg.
11.Atropine Sulfate Onset: Immediate
12.Atropine Sulfate Peak Effect: 2-4 minutes
13.Atropine Sulfate Duration: 2-4 hours
14.Atropine Sulfate Class: Anticholinergic, toxicity antidotes
15.Atropine Sulfate Pharmacologic Action: Competitively inhibits action of acetylcholinesterase on autonomic
effectors innervated by post-ganglionic nerves.
16.Atropine Sulfate Indications: Management of nerve agent toxicity, sympto- matic bradycardia,
organophosphate and carbamate insecticide toxicity.
17.Atropine Sulfate Contraindications: No absolute contraindications for ACLS, documented hypersensitivity in
non-ACLS/nerve agent/organophosphate scenar- ios.
18.Calcium Chloride Adult Dose: 1 gm IV/IO push over at least 5 minutes.
19.Calcium Chloride Pediatric Dose: Seek Expert Consultation.
20.Calcium Chloride Onset: 1-3 minutes
21.Calcium Chloride Peak Effect: Variable (20-30 minutes)
22.Calcium Chloride Class: Antidotes, other; calcium salts
23.Calcium Chloride Pharmacologic Action: Bone mineral component; cofactor in enzymatic reactions, essential
for neurotransmission, muscle contraction, and many signal transduction pathways.
24.Calcium Chloride Indications: Known or suspected hyperkalemia, calcium channel-blocker overdose, beta
blocker overdose, known or suspected Magnesium toxicity.
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