NURS 3525 - Diabetes
1. A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the
uptake of glucose into tissues (“ b.g:)Insulin
2. Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone - Oppose the effects of insulin that results in ‘
blood glucose: Counterregulatory hormones to insulin
3. What is normal serum blood glucose?: 74-106 mg/dL
4. What is normal pre-prandial (<meals) blood glucose?: 70-130 mg/dL
5. What is normal post-prandial (>meals) blood glucose?: <180 mg/dl
6. Characterized by ACUTE onset: Type 1 DM
7. What is the problem with type 1 DM?: Autoimmune condition that leads to the destruction of
insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells.
8. Have islet cell antibodies, genetic tendency to develop disease: DM type 1
9. What age does type 1 DM usually occur?: Any age, usually before 40yo. More common in
children
10.How do you treat type 1 DM?: Life-long (no cure), difficult to control + requires insulin
injections
11.What are (3) risk factors for type 1 DM?: Heredity, environment, immunological
12.What is the problem in type 2 DM?: Inadequate insulin secretion,‘ insulin resistance,
insufficient insulin use
13.What are SxS of type 1 DM?: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight “, fatigue, ‘ frequency of
infection, rapid onset, fruity breath
14. What type of DM has the pancreas creating some endogenous insulin?: -
Type 2 DM
15.What are risk factors for type 2 DM?: Family hx of diabetes, obesity, race/eth- nicity, >40yo,
gave birth to a baby weight > 9lbs, metabolic syndrome
16.What are the 5 components of metabolic syndrome?: ‘ glucose levels, ab- dominal obesity, high
BP, high triglyceride levels, and “ high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels
17.What are the SxS of type 2 DM?: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, recurrent yeast
infection, recurrent infection, prolonged wound healing, vision prob- lems
18.What does pre-diabetes indicate?: Increased risk for type 2 DM
19.What is the expected range for a 2-hour OGTT for a pre-diabetic patient, and what does it
indicate?: 140-199 mg/dL, impaired glucose tolerance
20.What is the expected range for FBG for a pre-diabetic patient: 100-125 mg/dl, impaired
fasting glucose
21.Is pre-diabetes symptomatic or asymptomatic?: Asymptomatic, but damage is already
happening
1/
, NURS 3525 - Diabetes
22.What screening and education do we need to teach a patient with pre-di- abetes?: Blood
glucose & A1C checks, monitor for symptoms for of T2 DM, risk factors for T2 DM, prevention
interventions
23.When does gestational diabetes develop?: During pregnancy
24.What does gestational diabetes increase the risk for?: Pregnancy and neonatal
complications
25.What are the screenings done during prenatal visits for gestational dia- betes?: Initial
screening for high risk, 24-48 wks via oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
26.When is there a significant increased risk for developing T2 DM?: Within 16 years
27.What does the initial diagnosis of DM include?: Presence of 1 of the follow- ing:
1. A1C >/= 6.5%
2. Fasting plasma glucose >/= 126 mg/dl
3. 2-hour plasma glucose >/= 200 mg/dl during OGTT
4. Random glucose 200 mg/dl with DM symptoms (3 Ps, unexplained weight “)
28.What is the A1C diagnosis for DM?: A1C >/= 6.5%
29.What is the fasting plasma glucose for a diagnosis for DM?: Fasting plasma glucose >/= 126
mg/dl
30.What is the 2-hour plasma glucose for a diagnosis for DM?: 2-hour plasma glucose >/= 200
mg/dl during OGTT
31.What is the random glucose for a diagnosis for DM?: Random glucose 200 mg/dl with DM
symptoms (3 Ps, unexplained weight “)
32.What factors might influence the results of DM diagnosis?: Severe restric- tion of dietary carbs,
acute illness, meds (contraceptives, corticosteroids), immobility or bedrest, impaired GI function
or recent acetaminophen use
33.What does the triangle of DM management include?: Exercise ’ Diet ’ Med- ication
34.What must we asses prior to teaching a pt about DM management?: The patients (and
families) readiness to learn
35.What is the treatment guidelines for DM?: Requires daily treatment, no cure known, goal is to
control the disease, management
36.What collaborative care is included for DM teaching?: Nutritional manage- ment, exercise,
medications, education
37.When might hospitalization be required for DM?: Restore fluid balance, replace electrolytes,
“ blood glucose with insulin, monitoring, providing emotional support
2/
1. A protein hormone synthesized in the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels by facilitating the
uptake of glucose into tissues (“ b.g:)Insulin
2. Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone - Oppose the effects of insulin that results in ‘
blood glucose: Counterregulatory hormones to insulin
3. What is normal serum blood glucose?: 74-106 mg/dL
4. What is normal pre-prandial (<meals) blood glucose?: 70-130 mg/dL
5. What is normal post-prandial (>meals) blood glucose?: <180 mg/dl
6. Characterized by ACUTE onset: Type 1 DM
7. What is the problem with type 1 DM?: Autoimmune condition that leads to the destruction of
insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells.
8. Have islet cell antibodies, genetic tendency to develop disease: DM type 1
9. What age does type 1 DM usually occur?: Any age, usually before 40yo. More common in
children
10.How do you treat type 1 DM?: Life-long (no cure), difficult to control + requires insulin
injections
11.What are (3) risk factors for type 1 DM?: Heredity, environment, immunological
12.What is the problem in type 2 DM?: Inadequate insulin secretion,‘ insulin resistance,
insufficient insulin use
13.What are SxS of type 1 DM?: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight “, fatigue, ‘ frequency of
infection, rapid onset, fruity breath
14. What type of DM has the pancreas creating some endogenous insulin?: -
Type 2 DM
15.What are risk factors for type 2 DM?: Family hx of diabetes, obesity, race/eth- nicity, >40yo,
gave birth to a baby weight > 9lbs, metabolic syndrome
16.What are the 5 components of metabolic syndrome?: ‘ glucose levels, ab- dominal obesity, high
BP, high triglyceride levels, and “ high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels
17.What are the SxS of type 2 DM?: Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, fatigue, recurrent yeast
infection, recurrent infection, prolonged wound healing, vision prob- lems
18.What does pre-diabetes indicate?: Increased risk for type 2 DM
19.What is the expected range for a 2-hour OGTT for a pre-diabetic patient, and what does it
indicate?: 140-199 mg/dL, impaired glucose tolerance
20.What is the expected range for FBG for a pre-diabetic patient: 100-125 mg/dl, impaired
fasting glucose
21.Is pre-diabetes symptomatic or asymptomatic?: Asymptomatic, but damage is already
happening
1/
, NURS 3525 - Diabetes
22.What screening and education do we need to teach a patient with pre-di- abetes?: Blood
glucose & A1C checks, monitor for symptoms for of T2 DM, risk factors for T2 DM, prevention
interventions
23.When does gestational diabetes develop?: During pregnancy
24.What does gestational diabetes increase the risk for?: Pregnancy and neonatal
complications
25.What are the screenings done during prenatal visits for gestational dia- betes?: Initial
screening for high risk, 24-48 wks via oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
26.When is there a significant increased risk for developing T2 DM?: Within 16 years
27.What does the initial diagnosis of DM include?: Presence of 1 of the follow- ing:
1. A1C >/= 6.5%
2. Fasting plasma glucose >/= 126 mg/dl
3. 2-hour plasma glucose >/= 200 mg/dl during OGTT
4. Random glucose 200 mg/dl with DM symptoms (3 Ps, unexplained weight “)
28.What is the A1C diagnosis for DM?: A1C >/= 6.5%
29.What is the fasting plasma glucose for a diagnosis for DM?: Fasting plasma glucose >/= 126
mg/dl
30.What is the 2-hour plasma glucose for a diagnosis for DM?: 2-hour plasma glucose >/= 200
mg/dl during OGTT
31.What is the random glucose for a diagnosis for DM?: Random glucose 200 mg/dl with DM
symptoms (3 Ps, unexplained weight “)
32.What factors might influence the results of DM diagnosis?: Severe restric- tion of dietary carbs,
acute illness, meds (contraceptives, corticosteroids), immobility or bedrest, impaired GI function
or recent acetaminophen use
33.What does the triangle of DM management include?: Exercise ’ Diet ’ Med- ication
34.What must we asses prior to teaching a pt about DM management?: The patients (and
families) readiness to learn
35.What is the treatment guidelines for DM?: Requires daily treatment, no cure known, goal is to
control the disease, management
36.What collaborative care is included for DM teaching?: Nutritional manage- ment, exercise,
medications, education
37.When might hospitalization be required for DM?: Restore fluid balance, replace electrolytes,
“ blood glucose with insulin, monitoring, providing emotional support
2/
