NORMAL PEDIATRICS : Erikson, Freud, Piaget, Ko
Play, Fear
Subject PEDIATRICS
AGE GROUP ERIKSON FREUD PIAGET KOHLBERG PLAY
SENSORIMOTOR
ORAL (mouth)
• sensing through
TRUST vs MISTRUST • risk : aspiration
senses
INFANT (0-1 y/o) • basic needs → • satisfy oral needs SOLITARY
• toys : rattles,
consistency (feeding, pacifiers,
mobiles
teethers)
ANAL (anus)
• toilet training
criteria :
PRE-CONVENTIONAL
1. sit & squat
2. remain dry for 2
PRE-OPERATIONAL • punishment &
hours
AUTONOMY vs obedience → time out
3. verbalize the need
SHAME & DOUBT • egocentric : inability (authoritative) PARALLEL (side
TODDLER (1-3 y/o) to defecate & urinate
to see the point of → face the wall side)
4. willingness to
• offer choices view of others rule :
please parents
• audible timer
5. soiled diapers →
• 1 min / year of age
changed immediately
* most important
factor : attitude and
approach of parents
PHALLIC
•
masturbation is PRE-CONVENTIONAL
normal
INITIATIVE vs GUILT ASSOCIATIVE /
PRE-SCHOOLER (3-6 • self only
PRE-OPERATIONAL COOPERATIVE
y/o) • complexes :
• allow them to •
1. oedipal : baby boy STAGE 1 : punishment
participate • egocentric / symbols role playing / m
• highest imagination → mother - obedience
• play therapy believe
2. elektra : baby girl → STAGE 2 : instrumental
father relativist / self interest
→ love opposite sex,
hate same sex
CONVENTIONAL
CONCRETE COMPETITIVE
INDUSTRY vs OPERATIONAL
SCHOOL AGE (6-12 LATENT • good to the eyes of
INFERIORITY • indoors
y/o) others
• logical → but doesn’t • common : spo
• same sex orientation
• allow them to require explanation injuries
• elementary student STAGE 3 : good boy -
participate • conservation → board games
good girl attitude
• reversibility → quiz bee
STAGE 4 : law & order
POST-
CONVENTIONAL
GENITAL
FORMAL
IDENTITY vs ROLE
OPERATIONAL • morals COMPETITIVE
CONFUSION • sexual curiosity /
ADOLESCENT (12-19 • laws
questions /
y/o) • hypothetical / • responsible • outdoor
• focus : body image experimentations
abstract → they can
• sexual education →
now rationalize STAGE 5 : social
9-12 y/o
contract & legalistic
STAGE 6 : principle
Play, Fear
Subject PEDIATRICS
AGE GROUP ERIKSON FREUD PIAGET KOHLBERG PLAY
SENSORIMOTOR
ORAL (mouth)
• sensing through
TRUST vs MISTRUST • risk : aspiration
senses
INFANT (0-1 y/o) • basic needs → • satisfy oral needs SOLITARY
• toys : rattles,
consistency (feeding, pacifiers,
mobiles
teethers)
ANAL (anus)
• toilet training
criteria :
PRE-CONVENTIONAL
1. sit & squat
2. remain dry for 2
PRE-OPERATIONAL • punishment &
hours
AUTONOMY vs obedience → time out
3. verbalize the need
SHAME & DOUBT • egocentric : inability (authoritative) PARALLEL (side
TODDLER (1-3 y/o) to defecate & urinate
to see the point of → face the wall side)
4. willingness to
• offer choices view of others rule :
please parents
• audible timer
5. soiled diapers →
• 1 min / year of age
changed immediately
* most important
factor : attitude and
approach of parents
PHALLIC
•
masturbation is PRE-CONVENTIONAL
normal
INITIATIVE vs GUILT ASSOCIATIVE /
PRE-SCHOOLER (3-6 • self only
PRE-OPERATIONAL COOPERATIVE
y/o) • complexes :
• allow them to •
1. oedipal : baby boy STAGE 1 : punishment
participate • egocentric / symbols role playing / m
• highest imagination → mother - obedience
• play therapy believe
2. elektra : baby girl → STAGE 2 : instrumental
father relativist / self interest
→ love opposite sex,
hate same sex
CONVENTIONAL
CONCRETE COMPETITIVE
INDUSTRY vs OPERATIONAL
SCHOOL AGE (6-12 LATENT • good to the eyes of
INFERIORITY • indoors
y/o) others
• logical → but doesn’t • common : spo
• same sex orientation
• allow them to require explanation injuries
• elementary student STAGE 3 : good boy -
participate • conservation → board games
good girl attitude
• reversibility → quiz bee
STAGE 4 : law & order
POST-
CONVENTIONAL
GENITAL
FORMAL
IDENTITY vs ROLE
OPERATIONAL • morals COMPETITIVE
CONFUSION • sexual curiosity /
ADOLESCENT (12-19 • laws
questions /
y/o) • hypothetical / • responsible • outdoor
• focus : body image experimentations
abstract → they can
• sexual education →
now rationalize STAGE 5 : social
9-12 y/o
contract & legalistic
STAGE 6 : principle
