Research Process : I. Conceptual, II. Design & Plan
Empirical, IV. Analytic, V. Disseminating
Subject RESEARCH
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
informal way to discover new things
involves 5 steps : problem identification, formulating hypothesis, gathering of data, analyzing data, conclusion
RESEARCH
formal, intensive & comprehensive method for the discovery of new knowledge
5 major steps
2 KINDS OF RESEARCH :
1. NURSING RESEARCH → deals with CLINICAL problems ; encounter during duties
2. RESEARCH IN NURSING → more BROAD study of nursing in the PROFESSION ; focuses on ISSUES (affecting the nursing
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
the use of the current “best” evidence
“latest findings”
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH :
1. PROFESSIONALISM
2. ACCOUNTABILITY
3. SOCIAL RELEVANCE OF NURSING
4. RESEARCH & DECISION MAKING
💡ULTIMATE GOAL OF RESEARCH :
TO IMPROVE THE PRACTICE OF THE PROFESSION (NURSING)
TO IMPROVE CLIENT CARE / PATIENT CARE / HEALTH CARE / NURSING CARE
5 MAJOR STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS :
PHASE I : CONCEPTUAL PHASE
1. Formulating & delimiting the problem
2. Reviewing related literature (RRL)
→ synthesis of previous studies that is related to practice of interest
purpose : TO GET AN IDEA OR BACKGROUND ABOUT THE STUDY
correct way : PARAPHRASE ; COPY WORD BY WORD IF ITS NECESSARY → WITH CITATION OF AUTHOR
3. Undertaking a clinical fieldwork
purpose : TO GET AN IDEA OR BACKGROUND ABOUT THE STUDY
4. Defining framework & conceptual definitions
graphical representation of concepts in relationship of a concept
there are NO FINDINGS yet
2 types of framework :
a. Conceptual framework : focus on TOPIC
b. Theoretical framework : focus on THEORY
, 14. Preparing the data for analysis
PHASE IV : ANALYTIC PHASE
15. Analyzing the data
16. Interpreting the results
PHASE V : DISSEMINATING PHASE
17. Communicating the findings
18. Utilizing the finding into practice
PHASE I : CONCEPTUAL PHASE
PROBLEM
source of research problems : “NITESS”
Nursing literature
Ideas from external sources
Theory
💡 EXPERIENCE IN CLINICAL FIELDWORK : riches in information ; mostly used
Social issues
Scientific research : least of being used
criteria of a good research problem : “SALT-IN”
Significance of Study
address to →
PEOPLE : main target
SOCIETY AT LARGE : not target
PROFESSION
Availability of Subject
Limitation of Subject
Time allotment & research ability
Limitation of Tools (data collection)
major forms of data collection :
1. Use of existing data
2. SELF REPORTS :
→ interviews & questionnaire
→ most widely use form of data collection → gather data orally or writing
→ it can gather data that cannot be gather by other method → OPINIONS
→ disadvantages : validity & accuracy
3. Observation
→ Participant : observer (give intervention) or disguise self as
one of the subjects
→ Non-participant : plain observer
Phenomena : amenable observations
a. characteristics & conditions of subject
Empirical, IV. Analytic, V. Disseminating
Subject RESEARCH
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
informal way to discover new things
involves 5 steps : problem identification, formulating hypothesis, gathering of data, analyzing data, conclusion
RESEARCH
formal, intensive & comprehensive method for the discovery of new knowledge
5 major steps
2 KINDS OF RESEARCH :
1. NURSING RESEARCH → deals with CLINICAL problems ; encounter during duties
2. RESEARCH IN NURSING → more BROAD study of nursing in the PROFESSION ; focuses on ISSUES (affecting the nursing
EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE
the use of the current “best” evidence
“latest findings”
IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH :
1. PROFESSIONALISM
2. ACCOUNTABILITY
3. SOCIAL RELEVANCE OF NURSING
4. RESEARCH & DECISION MAKING
💡ULTIMATE GOAL OF RESEARCH :
TO IMPROVE THE PRACTICE OF THE PROFESSION (NURSING)
TO IMPROVE CLIENT CARE / PATIENT CARE / HEALTH CARE / NURSING CARE
5 MAJOR STEPS OF RESEARCH PROCESS :
PHASE I : CONCEPTUAL PHASE
1. Formulating & delimiting the problem
2. Reviewing related literature (RRL)
→ synthesis of previous studies that is related to practice of interest
purpose : TO GET AN IDEA OR BACKGROUND ABOUT THE STUDY
correct way : PARAPHRASE ; COPY WORD BY WORD IF ITS NECESSARY → WITH CITATION OF AUTHOR
3. Undertaking a clinical fieldwork
purpose : TO GET AN IDEA OR BACKGROUND ABOUT THE STUDY
4. Defining framework & conceptual definitions
graphical representation of concepts in relationship of a concept
there are NO FINDINGS yet
2 types of framework :
a. Conceptual framework : focus on TOPIC
b. Theoretical framework : focus on THEORY
, 14. Preparing the data for analysis
PHASE IV : ANALYTIC PHASE
15. Analyzing the data
16. Interpreting the results
PHASE V : DISSEMINATING PHASE
17. Communicating the findings
18. Utilizing the finding into practice
PHASE I : CONCEPTUAL PHASE
PROBLEM
source of research problems : “NITESS”
Nursing literature
Ideas from external sources
Theory
💡 EXPERIENCE IN CLINICAL FIELDWORK : riches in information ; mostly used
Social issues
Scientific research : least of being used
criteria of a good research problem : “SALT-IN”
Significance of Study
address to →
PEOPLE : main target
SOCIETY AT LARGE : not target
PROFESSION
Availability of Subject
Limitation of Subject
Time allotment & research ability
Limitation of Tools (data collection)
major forms of data collection :
1. Use of existing data
2. SELF REPORTS :
→ interviews & questionnaire
→ most widely use form of data collection → gather data orally or writing
→ it can gather data that cannot be gather by other method → OPINIONS
→ disadvantages : validity & accuracy
3. Observation
→ Participant : observer (give intervention) or disguise self as
one of the subjects
→ Non-participant : plain observer
Phenomena : amenable observations
a. characteristics & conditions of subject
