CD, Immunity, Stages of Disease, Chain of Infecti
of Transmission, EPI Diseases : Diphtheria, Pertus
Tetanus, Poliomyelitis, Measles, Mumps, Rubella,
Pox, Hepatitis B, Tuberculosis
Subject COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
caused by infectious agent that is spread from person to person
contagious — EASILY TRANSMISSIBLE : droplet, airborne
infectious — NOT EASILY TRANSMISSIBLE : food borne, water borne, blood borne, STD
Definition of Terms :
Infection — entry and development of an infectious agent within the body + invasion and growth of a microorganism within
Pathogenicity — ability of a pathogen to cause a disease
Virulence — ability of an infectious agent to damage its host / ability of a microorganism to establish, maintain and extend a
*** highly virulent pathogens : examples
ebola virus; fatality rate : 50-93%; MOT : direct contact
bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
— “operations : cherry blossoms at night”
IMMUNITY = “PROTECTION” CHAIN OF INFECTION
→ resistance of the body associated with the presence of antibodies or *** Infection — the entry and development o
cells having specific action on microorganism or toxin
INFECTIOUS AGENTS
*** susceptibility — humina ang immune system
→ micro-organisms capable of causing d
INNATE (Natural / Inherent) ADAPTIVE (Acquired) → bacteria, fungi, parasite, prions virus
types of defense barriers : ACTIVE ex. scabies - parasite, typhoid fever - bac
1. anatomical : skin, mucous *** long term ; it takes time to RESERVOIRS “tambayan place”
membranes develop
→ place in which infectious agents live,
2. phagocytic : neutrophils, a. natural : exposure to a
→ people, animals, soil, water, food
macrophages disease itself
ex. pertussis, exclusively found respi trac
3. physiologic : fever, pH, sweat, ex. chicken pox
saliva, tears PORTALS OF EXIT
b. artificial : vaccine
→ ways in which infectious agent leaves
4. inflammatory : tissue damage ex. live attenuated / weakened ;
—> blood vessel leakage —> inactivated / killed → blood, secretions (nasopharyngeal sec
serum proteins —> anti- vaginal sectretion), excretions (urine, fece
1. toxoid
bacterial activity
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
*** pre-exposure
→ ways in which the infectious agent is s
PASSIVE “PASA”
the susceptible host
a. natural : mother to child main routes of transmission :
transmission
1. CONTACT : *** “MRS WEE” : MULTIDRU
→ colostrum (breastmilk) : IgA
RESPIRATORY, SKIN, WOUND, ENTERIC,
antibodies
a. DIRECT CONTACT : physical transfe
→ transplacental : IgG antibodies
microorganism within the body
, → specific sx 5. VEHICLE ROUTE : NON-LIVING things ca
→ pathognomonic s/sx — hallmark sx, obvious sx, failproof sx infection
→ food, water, blood, fomites
→ could either die or recover
6. VECTOR BORNE : LIVING organisms capa
4. Convalescent : RECOVERY STAGE
infection
INFECTIOUS AGENT VECTOR
Chikungunya virus Aedes Agypti
Plasmodium Anopheles
falciparum
Culex Mosquito
Flavivirus
PORTALS OF ENTRY
→ ways in which the infectious agent ent
→ mucuos membrane, respiratory system
skin
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
→ individuals may have traits that affect t
severity of disease
→ immune deficiency, diabetes, burns, su
EXPANDED PROGRAM OF IMMUNIZATION DISEASES
DPT TL : bacterias
MMRV PH : viruses
DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS TETANUS
CA : Corynebacterium Diphtheriae / *** PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN : WHOOPING *** PATHOGNOMO
Klebbs-Loffler Bacillus COUGH (TRISMUS)
→ acute toxin mediated disease *** UNDER 5 Y/O, SCHOOL AGE, CA : Clostridium
ADOLESCENT
MOT : droplet TOXINS :
CA : Bordetella Pertussis / Bordet-
incubation period : 2-5 days — tetanolysin : loca
Gengou Bacillus
risk factors : — tetanospasmin :
MOT : droplet
THE MOST POTENT
overcrowded
incubation period : 7-10 days, but not
MOT : indirect c
poor health (immunocompromised) exceeding 21 days (if more than 21 days, ; neonatal tetan
incomplete immunization can be related to TB or LUNG CANCER)
equipment ; tatt
s/sx : SIX WEEK DISEASE PUNCTURED W
s/sx :
bites, human bit
respiratory (pharyngeal) : MOST COMMON 1. prodromal : 7-14th day — FHAMS, cough,
colds *** KALAWANG
: fever, headache, n/v, sore throat,
dysphagia, dyspnea bull neck appearance *** MOST INFECTIOUS STAGE incubation perio
average : 7-14 d
*** PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN : 2. acute/illness : 14-28th day —
PSEUDOMEMBRANE — mycelia of oral mucosa PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN : WHOOPING s/sx :
causing formaton of white membrane on the COUGH (deep inhalation followed by a
convulsions —
oropharynx series of sharp cascading coughs)
PEDIA PX
— HIGHLY / INTENSELY INFECTIOUS : UPHOLD 3. convalescent : last 2 weeks — less
dysphagia — AM
DROPLET PRECAUTION coughing and vomiting episodes
highly febrile ; r
laryngeal : hoarseness, cough, stridor dx test : Bordet-Gengou Agar Test
(heard at inhalation, EMERGENCY) TRISMUS : TIGH
mgt :
nasal : MILDEST FORM : clear nasal RESUS SARDON
isolate until 2 negative swab results are
discharge — blood stained SPASMS ; SARD
of Transmission, EPI Diseases : Diphtheria, Pertus
Tetanus, Poliomyelitis, Measles, Mumps, Rubella,
Pox, Hepatitis B, Tuberculosis
Subject COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
caused by infectious agent that is spread from person to person
contagious — EASILY TRANSMISSIBLE : droplet, airborne
infectious — NOT EASILY TRANSMISSIBLE : food borne, water borne, blood borne, STD
Definition of Terms :
Infection — entry and development of an infectious agent within the body + invasion and growth of a microorganism within
Pathogenicity — ability of a pathogen to cause a disease
Virulence — ability of an infectious agent to damage its host / ability of a microorganism to establish, maintain and extend a
*** highly virulent pathogens : examples
ebola virus; fatality rate : 50-93%; MOT : direct contact
bacillus anthracis (anthrax)
— “operations : cherry blossoms at night”
IMMUNITY = “PROTECTION” CHAIN OF INFECTION
→ resistance of the body associated with the presence of antibodies or *** Infection — the entry and development o
cells having specific action on microorganism or toxin
INFECTIOUS AGENTS
*** susceptibility — humina ang immune system
→ micro-organisms capable of causing d
INNATE (Natural / Inherent) ADAPTIVE (Acquired) → bacteria, fungi, parasite, prions virus
types of defense barriers : ACTIVE ex. scabies - parasite, typhoid fever - bac
1. anatomical : skin, mucous *** long term ; it takes time to RESERVOIRS “tambayan place”
membranes develop
→ place in which infectious agents live,
2. phagocytic : neutrophils, a. natural : exposure to a
→ people, animals, soil, water, food
macrophages disease itself
ex. pertussis, exclusively found respi trac
3. physiologic : fever, pH, sweat, ex. chicken pox
saliva, tears PORTALS OF EXIT
b. artificial : vaccine
→ ways in which infectious agent leaves
4. inflammatory : tissue damage ex. live attenuated / weakened ;
—> blood vessel leakage —> inactivated / killed → blood, secretions (nasopharyngeal sec
serum proteins —> anti- vaginal sectretion), excretions (urine, fece
1. toxoid
bacterial activity
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
*** pre-exposure
→ ways in which the infectious agent is s
PASSIVE “PASA”
the susceptible host
a. natural : mother to child main routes of transmission :
transmission
1. CONTACT : *** “MRS WEE” : MULTIDRU
→ colostrum (breastmilk) : IgA
RESPIRATORY, SKIN, WOUND, ENTERIC,
antibodies
a. DIRECT CONTACT : physical transfe
→ transplacental : IgG antibodies
microorganism within the body
, → specific sx 5. VEHICLE ROUTE : NON-LIVING things ca
→ pathognomonic s/sx — hallmark sx, obvious sx, failproof sx infection
→ food, water, blood, fomites
→ could either die or recover
6. VECTOR BORNE : LIVING organisms capa
4. Convalescent : RECOVERY STAGE
infection
INFECTIOUS AGENT VECTOR
Chikungunya virus Aedes Agypti
Plasmodium Anopheles
falciparum
Culex Mosquito
Flavivirus
PORTALS OF ENTRY
→ ways in which the infectious agent ent
→ mucuos membrane, respiratory system
skin
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
→ individuals may have traits that affect t
severity of disease
→ immune deficiency, diabetes, burns, su
EXPANDED PROGRAM OF IMMUNIZATION DISEASES
DPT TL : bacterias
MMRV PH : viruses
DIPHTHERIA PERTUSSIS TETANUS
CA : Corynebacterium Diphtheriae / *** PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN : WHOOPING *** PATHOGNOMO
Klebbs-Loffler Bacillus COUGH (TRISMUS)
→ acute toxin mediated disease *** UNDER 5 Y/O, SCHOOL AGE, CA : Clostridium
ADOLESCENT
MOT : droplet TOXINS :
CA : Bordetella Pertussis / Bordet-
incubation period : 2-5 days — tetanolysin : loca
Gengou Bacillus
risk factors : — tetanospasmin :
MOT : droplet
THE MOST POTENT
overcrowded
incubation period : 7-10 days, but not
MOT : indirect c
poor health (immunocompromised) exceeding 21 days (if more than 21 days, ; neonatal tetan
incomplete immunization can be related to TB or LUNG CANCER)
equipment ; tatt
s/sx : SIX WEEK DISEASE PUNCTURED W
s/sx :
bites, human bit
respiratory (pharyngeal) : MOST COMMON 1. prodromal : 7-14th day — FHAMS, cough,
colds *** KALAWANG
: fever, headache, n/v, sore throat,
dysphagia, dyspnea bull neck appearance *** MOST INFECTIOUS STAGE incubation perio
average : 7-14 d
*** PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN : 2. acute/illness : 14-28th day —
PSEUDOMEMBRANE — mycelia of oral mucosa PATHOGNOMONIC SIGN : WHOOPING s/sx :
causing formaton of white membrane on the COUGH (deep inhalation followed by a
convulsions —
oropharynx series of sharp cascading coughs)
PEDIA PX
— HIGHLY / INTENSELY INFECTIOUS : UPHOLD 3. convalescent : last 2 weeks — less
dysphagia — AM
DROPLET PRECAUTION coughing and vomiting episodes
highly febrile ; r
laryngeal : hoarseness, cough, stridor dx test : Bordet-Gengou Agar Test
(heard at inhalation, EMERGENCY) TRISMUS : TIGH
mgt :
nasal : MILDEST FORM : clear nasal RESUS SARDON
isolate until 2 negative swab results are
discharge — blood stained SPASMS ; SARD
