NORTH CAROLINA OPTOMETRY BOARDS EXAM
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS SOLVED 100% CORRECT!!
An external Hordeolum is an infection of which gland? - (answers)External hordeolum affects
the gland of Zeis at the base of the eyelash
An internal hordeolum is an infection of which gland? - (answers)Internal hordeolum affects the
meibomian gland
Which type of bacteria typically cause internal hordeolum? - (answers)Staph aureus
What are the symptoms of external hordeolum? - (answers)1. Soreness/redness at the base of the
lashes
2. Eyelid swelling
3. Grittiness in the eye
4. Eye pain
5. Light sensitivity
6. Eye tearing or watering
What is the treatment for an external hordeolum? - (answers)Warm compress for 10 - 15
minutes for up to 4 times a day
How long do styes normally take for styes to heal? - (answers)10 to 14 days
After how long should oral antibiotics be administered if the stye has not resolved on its own? -
(answers)3 - 5 days
Which oral antibiotics can be prescribed for treatment of stye? - (answers)1. Keflex (cephalexin)
500mg twice a day for 1 week
,2. Augmentin 500mg twice a day for 1 week for mild infection and 875 mg twice a day for 1
week for more severe infection and 1000mg twice a day for 1 week for most severe infections
3. Zithromax (Azithromycin) 500mg for 1 day then 250mg for 4 days
4. Levaquin (Levofloxacin) 500mg twice a day for 1 week
What is a chalazion? - (answers)A red bump on the eyelid caused by blockage of the meibomian
gland
What are some less common causes of chalazion? - (answers)1. Rosacea
2. Chronic blepharitis, eyelid inflammation
3. Seborrheic dermatitis
4. Tuberculosis
5. Viral infections
What are the symptoms of chalazion? - (answers)1. Painless bump on eyelid
2. Mild irritation
3. Blurred vision for large bump pushing on eyelid
What is the treatment for chalazion? - (answers)Warm compress, lid massage, lid hygiene
Which eyelid muscle is most affected with lid myokymia? - (answers)Orbicularis oculi
What medications (in rare cases) can cause eyelid myokymia? - (answers)1. Topiramate
2. Gold salts
3. Clozapine
4. Flunarizine
, What conditions in rare cases can cause eyelid myokymia? - (answers)1. Multiple sclerosis
2. Brainstem pathology such as Pontine glioma
3. Autoimmune disease
What is an increasingly common cause of canaliculitis? - (answers)The most common cause of
canaliculitis is retained punctal plugs
Which bacteria is the most common cause of canaliculitis? - (answers)Actinomyces israelii
What are the symptoms of canaliculitis? - (answers)Chronic unilateral red eye, epiphora,
discharge in the nasal part of the eye
What is the most common pathogenic cause of canaliculitis? - (answers)Actinomyces
What is treatment for canaliculitis? - (answers)Warm compress, antibiotics (1st gen
cephalosporin) sometimes surgery to remove concretions or foreign bodies
What is dacryocystitis? - (answers)inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Which organisms are typically the cause of dacryocystitis? - (answers)Streptococcus,
Haemophilus influenza, pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the cause of chronic dacryocystitis? - (answers)Chronic obstruction due to systemic
disease, repeated infection, dacryoliths, and chronic inflammatory debris of the nasolacrimal
system. Some common systemic diseases include Wegener's granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, and
systemic lupus erythematosus
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS SOLVED 100% CORRECT!!
An external Hordeolum is an infection of which gland? - (answers)External hordeolum affects
the gland of Zeis at the base of the eyelash
An internal hordeolum is an infection of which gland? - (answers)Internal hordeolum affects the
meibomian gland
Which type of bacteria typically cause internal hordeolum? - (answers)Staph aureus
What are the symptoms of external hordeolum? - (answers)1. Soreness/redness at the base of the
lashes
2. Eyelid swelling
3. Grittiness in the eye
4. Eye pain
5. Light sensitivity
6. Eye tearing or watering
What is the treatment for an external hordeolum? - (answers)Warm compress for 10 - 15
minutes for up to 4 times a day
How long do styes normally take for styes to heal? - (answers)10 to 14 days
After how long should oral antibiotics be administered if the stye has not resolved on its own? -
(answers)3 - 5 days
Which oral antibiotics can be prescribed for treatment of stye? - (answers)1. Keflex (cephalexin)
500mg twice a day for 1 week
,2. Augmentin 500mg twice a day for 1 week for mild infection and 875 mg twice a day for 1
week for more severe infection and 1000mg twice a day for 1 week for most severe infections
3. Zithromax (Azithromycin) 500mg for 1 day then 250mg for 4 days
4. Levaquin (Levofloxacin) 500mg twice a day for 1 week
What is a chalazion? - (answers)A red bump on the eyelid caused by blockage of the meibomian
gland
What are some less common causes of chalazion? - (answers)1. Rosacea
2. Chronic blepharitis, eyelid inflammation
3. Seborrheic dermatitis
4. Tuberculosis
5. Viral infections
What are the symptoms of chalazion? - (answers)1. Painless bump on eyelid
2. Mild irritation
3. Blurred vision for large bump pushing on eyelid
What is the treatment for chalazion? - (answers)Warm compress, lid massage, lid hygiene
Which eyelid muscle is most affected with lid myokymia? - (answers)Orbicularis oculi
What medications (in rare cases) can cause eyelid myokymia? - (answers)1. Topiramate
2. Gold salts
3. Clozapine
4. Flunarizine
, What conditions in rare cases can cause eyelid myokymia? - (answers)1. Multiple sclerosis
2. Brainstem pathology such as Pontine glioma
3. Autoimmune disease
What is an increasingly common cause of canaliculitis? - (answers)The most common cause of
canaliculitis is retained punctal plugs
Which bacteria is the most common cause of canaliculitis? - (answers)Actinomyces israelii
What are the symptoms of canaliculitis? - (answers)Chronic unilateral red eye, epiphora,
discharge in the nasal part of the eye
What is the most common pathogenic cause of canaliculitis? - (answers)Actinomyces
What is treatment for canaliculitis? - (answers)Warm compress, antibiotics (1st gen
cephalosporin) sometimes surgery to remove concretions or foreign bodies
What is dacryocystitis? - (answers)inflammation of the lacrimal sac
Which organisms are typically the cause of dacryocystitis? - (answers)Streptococcus,
Haemophilus influenza, pseudomonas aeruginosa
What is the cause of chronic dacryocystitis? - (answers)Chronic obstruction due to systemic
disease, repeated infection, dacryoliths, and chronic inflammatory debris of the nasolacrimal
system. Some common systemic diseases include Wegener's granulomatosis, sarcoidosis, and
systemic lupus erythematosus
