Physical Therapy Questions and
Answers HOSA Graded A+ 2025
a normative model of physical therapist professional education - ANSWER-guide for PT
education programs to ensure that academic program meets quality and
comprehensiveness established by members of the profession
accessory motion - ANSWER-ability of the joint surfaces to glide, roll, and spin on one
another
active assisted range of motion - ANSWER-joint movement in which the patient may be
assisted either manually or mechanically through an arc of movement
active range of motion (AROM) - ANSWER-ability of the patient to voluntarily move a
limb through an arc of movement
active resisted exercise - ANSWER-joint movement in which an external force resists
the movement
activities of daily living (ADLS) - ANSWER-activities in which individuals participates
daily to meet their basic needs
adaptive equipment - ANSWER-pieces of equipment that allow individuals to perform
functional tasks with increased ease or independence
aerobic training - ANSWER-exercise program that uses oxygen as the major energy
source
akinesia - ANSWER-poverty of movements
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - ANSWER-also known as Lou Gehrig's disease;
rapidly progressive neurological disorder associated with a degeneration of the motor
nerve cells
anencephaly - ANSWER-a form of neural tube defect that results from a lack of the
neural tube closure at the base of the brain. It is not compatible with life and results in
fetal death or death shortly after delivery
angina - ANSWER-condition in which chest pain occurs from ischemia
angiography - ANSWER-technique in which radiopaque material is injected into the
blood vessels to better visualize and identify problem such as occlusion (blockage) of
blood vessels, aneurysms, and vascular malformations
,aquatic physical therapy - ANSWER-Therapeutic use of water for rehabilitation or
prevention of injury
arterial insufficiency - ANSWER-deficiency or occlusion of blood flow through an artery
arteriosclerosis - ANSWER-hardening of the arteries
assessment - ANSWER-measurement or assigned value by which physical therapists
make a clinical judgement
assistive device - ANSWER-device that provides individuals with assistance to perform
tasks or during periods of mobility
autism - ANSWER-A neural developmental disorder characterized by impairments in
social interaction, communication skills, and repetitive behaviors
autonomous practice - ANSWER-services provided by physical therapists using
independent, professional judgement within their scope of practice
bariatrics - ANSWER-Area of health care that deals with the origin, prevention, and
treatment of obesity
blood gas analysis - ANSWER-assessment of blood (usually arterial) to determine the
con-centrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide
bradykinesia - ANSWER-slowness of movements
brunnstrom approach - ANSWER-neurologic technique based on the natural sequence
of recovery after stroke
bursitis - ANSWER-inflammation of bursae, fluid-filled sacs located throughout the body
that decrease the friction between two structures
cardiac catheterization - ANSWER-passage of a catheter (a flexible tube) into an artery
in the arm or leg, then along the artery to reach the heart and measure pressure, inject
dye, or take a tissue sample
cardiac muscle dysfunction - ANSWER-various pathologic conditions associated with
heart failure
cardiac pacemaker - ANSWER-electronic device that produces a pulse to control heart
depolarization
cerebral palsy (CP) - ANSWER-group of conditions caused by a nonprogressive lesion
on the brain. Most often CP has origin during gestation (before birth), at birth, or
, immediately after birth and is caused by an interruption of oxygen to the brain of the
fetus or newborn
certification - ANSWER-process by which state legally regulates the use of professional
title without creating a separate scope of practice. state law will not permit use of the
title unless state standards are met. This differs from the private certification offered by
private organizations for meeting the standards of that organization. CHAPTER
chronic inflammation - ANSWER-low-grade, protracted inflammatory process
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - ANSWER-group of disorders that
produce certain specific physical symptoms, including chronic productive cough,
excessive mucus production, changes in the sound produced when air passes through
the bronchial tubes, and shortness of breath
civil law - ANSWER-law of a jurisdiction concerned with private rights and remedies; the
administration of justice involving the violation of private duties owed by individuals
client - ANSWER-individual who seeks the services of a physical therapist to maintain
health, or a business that hires a physical therapist as a consultant
closed kinetic chain exercise - ANSWER-exercise incorporating several muscle groups
through the use of several joints with the end segment fixed
clubfoot - ANSWER-disorder in which the foot is turned inward and slanted upward
code of ethics - ANSWER-principles set forth for the physical therapy profession by
APTA for maintaining and promoting ethical practice
collagen - ANSWER-supportive, strong, and fibrous connective tissue protein that is
found in the dermis, tendon, cartilage, fascia, ligament, and bone
common law - ANSWER-law created by court decision rather than by legislative action
computed (axial) tomography (CAT or CT) - ANSWER-computer synthesis of x rays
transmitted through a specific plane of the body
conducting airways - ANSWER-passageways and tubes that allow air to pass into or out
of the lungs
congestive heart failure (CHF) - ANSWER-condition in which the heart muscle is
compromised to the point that it cannot move blood volume effectively
contract - ANSWER-agreement between two or more persons that creates a legal
obligation to do, or not do, a particular thing
Answers HOSA Graded A+ 2025
a normative model of physical therapist professional education - ANSWER-guide for PT
education programs to ensure that academic program meets quality and
comprehensiveness established by members of the profession
accessory motion - ANSWER-ability of the joint surfaces to glide, roll, and spin on one
another
active assisted range of motion - ANSWER-joint movement in which the patient may be
assisted either manually or mechanically through an arc of movement
active range of motion (AROM) - ANSWER-ability of the patient to voluntarily move a
limb through an arc of movement
active resisted exercise - ANSWER-joint movement in which an external force resists
the movement
activities of daily living (ADLS) - ANSWER-activities in which individuals participates
daily to meet their basic needs
adaptive equipment - ANSWER-pieces of equipment that allow individuals to perform
functional tasks with increased ease or independence
aerobic training - ANSWER-exercise program that uses oxygen as the major energy
source
akinesia - ANSWER-poverty of movements
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - ANSWER-also known as Lou Gehrig's disease;
rapidly progressive neurological disorder associated with a degeneration of the motor
nerve cells
anencephaly - ANSWER-a form of neural tube defect that results from a lack of the
neural tube closure at the base of the brain. It is not compatible with life and results in
fetal death or death shortly after delivery
angina - ANSWER-condition in which chest pain occurs from ischemia
angiography - ANSWER-technique in which radiopaque material is injected into the
blood vessels to better visualize and identify problem such as occlusion (blockage) of
blood vessels, aneurysms, and vascular malformations
,aquatic physical therapy - ANSWER-Therapeutic use of water for rehabilitation or
prevention of injury
arterial insufficiency - ANSWER-deficiency or occlusion of blood flow through an artery
arteriosclerosis - ANSWER-hardening of the arteries
assessment - ANSWER-measurement or assigned value by which physical therapists
make a clinical judgement
assistive device - ANSWER-device that provides individuals with assistance to perform
tasks or during periods of mobility
autism - ANSWER-A neural developmental disorder characterized by impairments in
social interaction, communication skills, and repetitive behaviors
autonomous practice - ANSWER-services provided by physical therapists using
independent, professional judgement within their scope of practice
bariatrics - ANSWER-Area of health care that deals with the origin, prevention, and
treatment of obesity
blood gas analysis - ANSWER-assessment of blood (usually arterial) to determine the
con-centrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide
bradykinesia - ANSWER-slowness of movements
brunnstrom approach - ANSWER-neurologic technique based on the natural sequence
of recovery after stroke
bursitis - ANSWER-inflammation of bursae, fluid-filled sacs located throughout the body
that decrease the friction between two structures
cardiac catheterization - ANSWER-passage of a catheter (a flexible tube) into an artery
in the arm or leg, then along the artery to reach the heart and measure pressure, inject
dye, or take a tissue sample
cardiac muscle dysfunction - ANSWER-various pathologic conditions associated with
heart failure
cardiac pacemaker - ANSWER-electronic device that produces a pulse to control heart
depolarization
cerebral palsy (CP) - ANSWER-group of conditions caused by a nonprogressive lesion
on the brain. Most often CP has origin during gestation (before birth), at birth, or
, immediately after birth and is caused by an interruption of oxygen to the brain of the
fetus or newborn
certification - ANSWER-process by which state legally regulates the use of professional
title without creating a separate scope of practice. state law will not permit use of the
title unless state standards are met. This differs from the private certification offered by
private organizations for meeting the standards of that organization. CHAPTER
chronic inflammation - ANSWER-low-grade, protracted inflammatory process
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - ANSWER-group of disorders that
produce certain specific physical symptoms, including chronic productive cough,
excessive mucus production, changes in the sound produced when air passes through
the bronchial tubes, and shortness of breath
civil law - ANSWER-law of a jurisdiction concerned with private rights and remedies; the
administration of justice involving the violation of private duties owed by individuals
client - ANSWER-individual who seeks the services of a physical therapist to maintain
health, or a business that hires a physical therapist as a consultant
closed kinetic chain exercise - ANSWER-exercise incorporating several muscle groups
through the use of several joints with the end segment fixed
clubfoot - ANSWER-disorder in which the foot is turned inward and slanted upward
code of ethics - ANSWER-principles set forth for the physical therapy profession by
APTA for maintaining and promoting ethical practice
collagen - ANSWER-supportive, strong, and fibrous connective tissue protein that is
found in the dermis, tendon, cartilage, fascia, ligament, and bone
common law - ANSWER-law created by court decision rather than by legislative action
computed (axial) tomography (CAT or CT) - ANSWER-computer synthesis of x rays
transmitted through a specific plane of the body
conducting airways - ANSWER-passageways and tubes that allow air to pass into or out
of the lungs
congestive heart failure (CHF) - ANSWER-condition in which the heart muscle is
compromised to the point that it cannot move blood volume effectively
contract - ANSWER-agreement between two or more persons that creates a legal
obligation to do, or not do, a particular thing
