PSYCHOLOGY 1100 FINAL EXAM
EXPECTED QUESTIONS AND
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Jude believes that his 1-year-old daughter's memory
works very much the same as his, but that she simply
cannot remember as much as he does. Jude views the
development of memory as
continuous
Although Justin spent his first 18 months in an
orphanage, his adoptive mother believes sensitive
caregiving will help Justin overcome his early
experiences. Justin's mother emphasizes the role of
__________ in development.
nurture
Theorists who contend that powerful negative events
in the first few years cannot be fully overcome by
later, more positive ones emphasize __________.
stability
Which statement provides an example of an age-
graded influence?
Frank got his driver's license at age 16.
Baby Gabriella claps her hands after her mother does.
Gabriella is displaying _________.
observational learning
According to ecological systems theory, interactions
between Marina and her child, Tyler, occur in the
__________.
,microsystem
During early childhood, children develop language
rapidly and are especially responsive to
conversational interactions. Based on these
observations, one could argue that
early childhood is a sensitive period for language
development
Vygotsky's theory focuses on
how culture is transmitted to the next generation
The information-processing approach views the
human mind as a __________.
symbol-manipulating system through which information
flows
Jade spent two years in a Mexican-American
community studying communication between parents
and children. Jade was using _________.
ethnography
A researcher is likely to choose a structured interview
over a clinical interview when she
plans to collect data from an entire class of children at the
same time
To study the effects of divorce on children's school
performance, Professor Nuptial examined differences
in grades among children of divorce versus children
of intact families. This is an example of a
correlational design
In a correlational design, researchers _________.
gather information on individuals without altering their
experiences.
Dr. Sim's research shows that videogame play is
NEGATIVELY related to physical activity during
,childhood. Based on the findings from this one study,
of the following statements, which can Dr. Sim's
conclude?
Children who engage in less physical activity play more
videogames
In an experimental study examining whether the way
angry encounters end affect children's emotional
reactions, the dependent variable would be the
__________.
children's emotional reactions
In an experimental study examining whether children
who are read to more often score higher on
vocabulary tests in first grade, the independent
variable would be the __________.
frequency of read-alouds
Cause-and-effect inferences can be made in
experiments because
participants in all treatment conditions are treated exactly
alike except for the independent variable.
To examine whether children's popularity is stable or
changes across the years, Dr. Clique followed the
same group of children from ages 5 to 18 years. This
is an example of a ________ design.
longitudinal
What is one strength of the cross-sectional design?
It is not plagued with dropout or practice effects.
A researcher had planned to examine children's
memories for traumatic events by showing his
participants a videotape of a violent crime, but his
project was rejected by his university's ethics
committee. The committee MOST likely rejected this
, study because it violated which of the following
research rights?
protection from harm
The placenta
permits food and oxygen to reach the developing
organism and waste products to be carried away.
An ovum bursts from one of a woman's two ________
and is drawn into one of two _________.
ovaries; fallopian tubes
During pregnancy, vernix ________________________
protects the fetus's skin from chapping.
Age of Viability refers to the time
_______________________________.
that a fetus can survive if born prematurely
Which statement about the harm done by teratogens
is true?
The genetic makeup of the mother and the developing
organism plays an important role.
During the embryonic period of pregnancy, teratogens
cause the most serious damage to the developing
organism.
Complications due to cigarette smoking by pregnant
women include
low birth weight, infant death, and childhood cancer
Terrance, whose birth mother drank heavily
throughout pregnancy, has a thin upper lip, short
eyelid openings, a small head, and a smooth philtrum.
His physical growth has been slow, and he shows
impairment in memory, attention span, motor
coordination, and social skills. Terrance has
__________.
EXPECTED QUESTIONS AND
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Jude believes that his 1-year-old daughter's memory
works very much the same as his, but that she simply
cannot remember as much as he does. Jude views the
development of memory as
continuous
Although Justin spent his first 18 months in an
orphanage, his adoptive mother believes sensitive
caregiving will help Justin overcome his early
experiences. Justin's mother emphasizes the role of
__________ in development.
nurture
Theorists who contend that powerful negative events
in the first few years cannot be fully overcome by
later, more positive ones emphasize __________.
stability
Which statement provides an example of an age-
graded influence?
Frank got his driver's license at age 16.
Baby Gabriella claps her hands after her mother does.
Gabriella is displaying _________.
observational learning
According to ecological systems theory, interactions
between Marina and her child, Tyler, occur in the
__________.
,microsystem
During early childhood, children develop language
rapidly and are especially responsive to
conversational interactions. Based on these
observations, one could argue that
early childhood is a sensitive period for language
development
Vygotsky's theory focuses on
how culture is transmitted to the next generation
The information-processing approach views the
human mind as a __________.
symbol-manipulating system through which information
flows
Jade spent two years in a Mexican-American
community studying communication between parents
and children. Jade was using _________.
ethnography
A researcher is likely to choose a structured interview
over a clinical interview when she
plans to collect data from an entire class of children at the
same time
To study the effects of divorce on children's school
performance, Professor Nuptial examined differences
in grades among children of divorce versus children
of intact families. This is an example of a
correlational design
In a correlational design, researchers _________.
gather information on individuals without altering their
experiences.
Dr. Sim's research shows that videogame play is
NEGATIVELY related to physical activity during
,childhood. Based on the findings from this one study,
of the following statements, which can Dr. Sim's
conclude?
Children who engage in less physical activity play more
videogames
In an experimental study examining whether the way
angry encounters end affect children's emotional
reactions, the dependent variable would be the
__________.
children's emotional reactions
In an experimental study examining whether children
who are read to more often score higher on
vocabulary tests in first grade, the independent
variable would be the __________.
frequency of read-alouds
Cause-and-effect inferences can be made in
experiments because
participants in all treatment conditions are treated exactly
alike except for the independent variable.
To examine whether children's popularity is stable or
changes across the years, Dr. Clique followed the
same group of children from ages 5 to 18 years. This
is an example of a ________ design.
longitudinal
What is one strength of the cross-sectional design?
It is not plagued with dropout or practice effects.
A researcher had planned to examine children's
memories for traumatic events by showing his
participants a videotape of a violent crime, but his
project was rejected by his university's ethics
committee. The committee MOST likely rejected this
, study because it violated which of the following
research rights?
protection from harm
The placenta
permits food and oxygen to reach the developing
organism and waste products to be carried away.
An ovum bursts from one of a woman's two ________
and is drawn into one of two _________.
ovaries; fallopian tubes
During pregnancy, vernix ________________________
protects the fetus's skin from chapping.
Age of Viability refers to the time
_______________________________.
that a fetus can survive if born prematurely
Which statement about the harm done by teratogens
is true?
The genetic makeup of the mother and the developing
organism plays an important role.
During the embryonic period of pregnancy, teratogens
cause the most serious damage to the developing
organism.
Complications due to cigarette smoking by pregnant
women include
low birth weight, infant death, and childhood cancer
Terrance, whose birth mother drank heavily
throughout pregnancy, has a thin upper lip, short
eyelid openings, a small head, and a smooth philtrum.
His physical growth has been slow, and he shows
impairment in memory, attention span, motor
coordination, and social skills. Terrance has
__________.
