NM705 EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What are sebaceous glands in the areola that secrete lipoid lubricating fluid,
which may also serve as an olfactory stimulus to the infant?
Montgomery tubercles
What is the milk-secreting unit of the breast; a sac-like structure lined by milk-
secreting cells; contains a hollow center drained by a small milk duct;
surrounded by muscle cells and a rich vascular supply.
Alveolus
What is the suspensory fibrous connective tissue between the
inner side of the breast skin and the pectoral muscles. They are mostly
responsible for maintaining the shape and configuration of the breast
Coopers ligaments
This structure transports milk from the alveolus to the nipple, also known as the
milk duct.
Lactiferous duct or ductule
What is Lactogenesis I and when does it occur?
The onset of colostrum production during pregnancy (around 12-16 weeks gestation)
What is Lactogenesis II and when does it occur?
The onset of copious milk production; usually occurs about 2-4 days after birth. (This
can be delayed in mothers of premature infants and result in diminished amounts of milk
during the early weeks following a preterm birth.) Result of decreased progesterone
, following separation of placenta at delivery and the release of prolactin from the anterior
pituitary gland. **lactogenesis II can be delayed if the mom has had a c-section, had an
epidural, is obese, has PCOS, or is diabetic.
What is Galactopoiesis?
The maintenance of lactation once lactation has been established. (supply vs demand)
The greater frequency, intensity, & duration of nipple stimulation results in higher
prolactin levels. A greater frequency is more effective at increasing supply than a longer
duration of feeds. Milk removal from the breasts must occur within 3 days after birth in
order to establish successful lactation
Describe the hormones involved in lactation
There is a rapid decline in progesterone once placenta separates and estrogen levels
drop, then the anterior pituitary gland secretes prolactin. The infant suckling causes
oxytocin to be released from the posterior pituitary gland. All of those things leads to the
milk-ejection reflex and contraction of myoepithelial cells causing the release of milk
from the breast.
List the immune and antiallergic properties in breastmilk.
-Colostrum contains abundant amounts of antioxidants, antibodies, immunoglobulins,
with especially high amounts of secretory IgA. Interferon is also present which has a
strong antiviral activity, as well as fibronectin (makes phagocytes more aggressive), and
pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) (protects and repairs the delicate intestines
of newborns)
- Antimicrobial properties include lactoferrin, sIgA, lysozyme, alpha-lactalbumin,
lactadherin, defensins, andothers. These provide protection from viruses and fungi.
SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
What are sebaceous glands in the areola that secrete lipoid lubricating fluid,
which may also serve as an olfactory stimulus to the infant?
Montgomery tubercles
What is the milk-secreting unit of the breast; a sac-like structure lined by milk-
secreting cells; contains a hollow center drained by a small milk duct;
surrounded by muscle cells and a rich vascular supply.
Alveolus
What is the suspensory fibrous connective tissue between the
inner side of the breast skin and the pectoral muscles. They are mostly
responsible for maintaining the shape and configuration of the breast
Coopers ligaments
This structure transports milk from the alveolus to the nipple, also known as the
milk duct.
Lactiferous duct or ductule
What is Lactogenesis I and when does it occur?
The onset of colostrum production during pregnancy (around 12-16 weeks gestation)
What is Lactogenesis II and when does it occur?
The onset of copious milk production; usually occurs about 2-4 days after birth. (This
can be delayed in mothers of premature infants and result in diminished amounts of milk
during the early weeks following a preterm birth.) Result of decreased progesterone
, following separation of placenta at delivery and the release of prolactin from the anterior
pituitary gland. **lactogenesis II can be delayed if the mom has had a c-section, had an
epidural, is obese, has PCOS, or is diabetic.
What is Galactopoiesis?
The maintenance of lactation once lactation has been established. (supply vs demand)
The greater frequency, intensity, & duration of nipple stimulation results in higher
prolactin levels. A greater frequency is more effective at increasing supply than a longer
duration of feeds. Milk removal from the breasts must occur within 3 days after birth in
order to establish successful lactation
Describe the hormones involved in lactation
There is a rapid decline in progesterone once placenta separates and estrogen levels
drop, then the anterior pituitary gland secretes prolactin. The infant suckling causes
oxytocin to be released from the posterior pituitary gland. All of those things leads to the
milk-ejection reflex and contraction of myoepithelial cells causing the release of milk
from the breast.
List the immune and antiallergic properties in breastmilk.
-Colostrum contains abundant amounts of antioxidants, antibodies, immunoglobulins,
with especially high amounts of secretory IgA. Interferon is also present which has a
strong antiviral activity, as well as fibronectin (makes phagocytes more aggressive), and
pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) (protects and repairs the delicate intestines
of newborns)
- Antimicrobial properties include lactoferrin, sIgA, lysozyme, alpha-lactalbumin,
lactadherin, defensins, andothers. These provide protection from viruses and fungi.
