NM717 NEWBORN EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
NB transition to extrauterine life depends on what 4 things?
(1) respiration (2) circulation (3) thermoregulation (4) glucose regulation
What factors are important with the initiation of respiration?
(1) biochemical (2) physical stimuli (3) physical stimuli (4) recoil from pressure thorax
What is the biochemical factor for initiation of respiration?
Relative hypoxia at the end of the labor
What physical stimuli for initiation of respiration?
(1) cold (2) gravity (3) pain (4) light (5) noise
What does sustained respiration depend on?
(1) CNS (2) aortic and carotid chemoreceptors (3) thoracic mechanoreceptors (4)
diaphragm and respiratory muscles
What is the purpose of initial breathing?
(1) assist in conversion to extrauterine life (2) clear lungs of fluid (3) establish lunch
volume and expand alveoli
Blood in the fetus is bypassed where?
(1) foramen ovale (2) ductus arteriosis
What are mechanisms of neonatal heat loss?
(1) convection (2) conduction (3) radiation (4) evaporation
How does the neonate create heat?
(1) shivering (2) muscle activity (3) BAT
,Who has decreased BAT stores?
(1) preterm (2) growth restricted
When is infant glucose the lowest?
1 to 5 hours after birth
What are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?
(1) weak cry (2) jitteriness (3) cyanosis (4) apnea (5) lethargy (6) poor feeding
What is normal hgb value for newborn?
13.7-20.0
What is normal hgb value for 2 mo?
12.0
What is normal hct value for newborn?
43-63
What is normal WBC value for newborn?
10,000-30,000
How does oxygenated blood travel to the fetus?
Umbilical vein
From umbilical vein, where does blood travel next?
Ductus venosus
From ductus venosus, where does blood travel next?
Inferior vena cava
From inferior vena cava, where does blood travel next?
Right atrium
Blood can flow from RA to LA by what?
,Foramen ovale
Normal newborn respiratory characteristic?
(1) 40-60 bpm (2) diaphragmatic and abdominal breathing (3) obligate nasal breather
(4) no retractions
Abnormal newborn respiratory characteristics?
(1) <30 >60 (2) grunting with expiration (3) nasal flaring (4) visible suprasternal or
subcostal retraction with breaths
(1)color (2) flexion of extremities (3) heart rate >100 (4) respiratory effort (5) reflex
irritability/crying
APGAR
The persistence of a fetal opening between the bladder and the umbilical cord?
Urachus
Useful as a systematic way to assess the newborn's immediate adaptation to
extrauterine life?
APGAR
Newborn maintains glucose store via what?
(1) gluconeogenesis (2) lipid metabolism
Increased stress hormones and increased circulating plasma proteins cause what
in fetal lungs?
Fluid decrease
Fetal circulation is a ______ system?
Low
If infant does not get enough oxygen, what will happen with vascular pressure?
, Increases
Decreased prostaglandin is necessary for what?
Closure of DA
How does fluid get out of newborn lungs?
(1) nose/mouth (2) lymphatics (3) pulmonary vasculature
Jaundice and hyperviscosity of blood?
2 risks with delayed cord clamping
Consists of humoral (IgG, IgM, IgA) and cell-mediated (T-lymphocytes, B-
lymphocytes)?
Adaptive immunity
Newborns have 55-80% of adult levels of antibodies?
Newborn humoral response
Breastmilk and newborn GI colonization?
Creates more acidic environment
How long should infants of HIV positive mothers receive prophylactic
antiretroviral?
6w
How to minimize vertical transmission of HIV positive mother?
Avoid fetal scalp electrode
Newborn infection symptoms?
(1) vague (2) nonspecific
PMNs engulfing germs and localizing infection?
Phagocytic innate immunity
WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED
NB transition to extrauterine life depends on what 4 things?
(1) respiration (2) circulation (3) thermoregulation (4) glucose regulation
What factors are important with the initiation of respiration?
(1) biochemical (2) physical stimuli (3) physical stimuli (4) recoil from pressure thorax
What is the biochemical factor for initiation of respiration?
Relative hypoxia at the end of the labor
What physical stimuli for initiation of respiration?
(1) cold (2) gravity (3) pain (4) light (5) noise
What does sustained respiration depend on?
(1) CNS (2) aortic and carotid chemoreceptors (3) thoracic mechanoreceptors (4)
diaphragm and respiratory muscles
What is the purpose of initial breathing?
(1) assist in conversion to extrauterine life (2) clear lungs of fluid (3) establish lunch
volume and expand alveoli
Blood in the fetus is bypassed where?
(1) foramen ovale (2) ductus arteriosis
What are mechanisms of neonatal heat loss?
(1) convection (2) conduction (3) radiation (4) evaporation
How does the neonate create heat?
(1) shivering (2) muscle activity (3) BAT
,Who has decreased BAT stores?
(1) preterm (2) growth restricted
When is infant glucose the lowest?
1 to 5 hours after birth
What are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia?
(1) weak cry (2) jitteriness (3) cyanosis (4) apnea (5) lethargy (6) poor feeding
What is normal hgb value for newborn?
13.7-20.0
What is normal hgb value for 2 mo?
12.0
What is normal hct value for newborn?
43-63
What is normal WBC value for newborn?
10,000-30,000
How does oxygenated blood travel to the fetus?
Umbilical vein
From umbilical vein, where does blood travel next?
Ductus venosus
From ductus venosus, where does blood travel next?
Inferior vena cava
From inferior vena cava, where does blood travel next?
Right atrium
Blood can flow from RA to LA by what?
,Foramen ovale
Normal newborn respiratory characteristic?
(1) 40-60 bpm (2) diaphragmatic and abdominal breathing (3) obligate nasal breather
(4) no retractions
Abnormal newborn respiratory characteristics?
(1) <30 >60 (2) grunting with expiration (3) nasal flaring (4) visible suprasternal or
subcostal retraction with breaths
(1)color (2) flexion of extremities (3) heart rate >100 (4) respiratory effort (5) reflex
irritability/crying
APGAR
The persistence of a fetal opening between the bladder and the umbilical cord?
Urachus
Useful as a systematic way to assess the newborn's immediate adaptation to
extrauterine life?
APGAR
Newborn maintains glucose store via what?
(1) gluconeogenesis (2) lipid metabolism
Increased stress hormones and increased circulating plasma proteins cause what
in fetal lungs?
Fluid decrease
Fetal circulation is a ______ system?
Low
If infant does not get enough oxygen, what will happen with vascular pressure?
, Increases
Decreased prostaglandin is necessary for what?
Closure of DA
How does fluid get out of newborn lungs?
(1) nose/mouth (2) lymphatics (3) pulmonary vasculature
Jaundice and hyperviscosity of blood?
2 risks with delayed cord clamping
Consists of humoral (IgG, IgM, IgA) and cell-mediated (T-lymphocytes, B-
lymphocytes)?
Adaptive immunity
Newborns have 55-80% of adult levels of antibodies?
Newborn humoral response
Breastmilk and newborn GI colonization?
Creates more acidic environment
How long should infants of HIV positive mothers receive prophylactic
antiretroviral?
6w
How to minimize vertical transmission of HIV positive mother?
Avoid fetal scalp electrode
Newborn infection symptoms?
(1) vague (2) nonspecific
PMNs engulfing germs and localizing infection?
Phagocytic innate immunity
