Solutions Manual For
Genetics Analysis and
Principles 8 Edition By
th
Robert Brooker (All
Chapters 100% Original
Verified A+ Grade)
, Genetics, Analysis & Principles/8e
Solutions Manual
CHAPTER 1
Note: The answers to the Comprehension questions are in Appendix B.
Concept check questions (following figure legends)
FIGURE 1.1
Understanding our genes may help to diagnose inherited diseases. It may also lead to the
development of drugs to combat diseases. Other answers are possible.
FIGURE 1.2
Many ethical issues are associated with human cloning. Is it the wrong thing to do? Does it
conflict with an individual’s religious views? And so on.
FIGURE 1.3
Because females mate only once, sorting out the male mosquitoes and releasing sterile males
into the environment can limit mosquito reproduction.
FIGURE 1.4
DNA is a macromolecule.
FIGURE 1.5
DNA and proteins are found in chromosomes. A small amount of RNA may also be associated
with chromosomes when transcription is occurring, and, as discussed in Chapter 17, some
non-coding RNAs may bind to chromosomes.
FIGURE 1.6
The information to make a polypeptide is stored in DNA.
FIGURE 1.7
The dark-colored butterfly has a more active pigment-synthesizing enzyme.
FIGURE 1.8
Genetic variation is the reason these frogs look different.
FIGURE 1.9
These are examples of variation in chromosome number.
FIGURE 1.1 0
© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
,A corn gamete contains 10 chromosomes. (The leaf cells are diploid.)
FIGURE 1.11
The horse populations adapted to their environment, which has gradually changed over the
course of many years.
FIGURE 1.12
There are several possible examples of other model organisms, including rats and frogs.
End-of-chapter Questions:
Conceptual Questions
C1. There are many possible answers. Some common areas to discuss might involve the impact
of genetics in the production of new medicines, the diagnosis of diseases, the production of
new kinds of food, and the use of DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
C2. A chromosome is a very long polymer of DNA. A gene is a specific sequence of bases
within that polymer; the sequence of bases distinguishes a gene from other genes. Genes
are located in chromosomes, which are found within living cells.
C3. The structure and function of proteins govern the structure and function of living cells. The
cells of the body determine an organism’s traits.
C4. At the molecular level, a gene (a sequence of bases in DNA) is first transcribed into RNA.
Most genes are transcribed into an mRNA, which codes a polypeptide. The genetic code
within the mRNA is used to synthesize a polypeptide with a particular amino acid sequence.
This second process is called translation.
C5.
A. Molecular level. This is a description of a how an allele affects protein function.
B. Cellular level. This is a description of how protein function affects cell structure.
C. Population level. This is a description of how the two alleles affect members of a population.
D. Organism level. This is a description of how the alleles affect the traits of an individual.
C6. Genetic variation is the occurrence of genetic differences in members of the same species
or among different species. Within any population, variation may occur in the genetic
material. Variation may occur in particular genes, so some individuals carry one allele and
other individuals carry a different allele. An example would be alleles that cause differences
in coat color among mammals. Variation may also occur in chromosome structure and
number. In plants, differences in chromosome number can affect disease resistance.
C7. An extra chromosome (specifically an extra copy of chromosome 21) causes Down
syndrome.
© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
, C8. You can pick almost any trait. For example, flower color in petunias would be an interesting
choice. Some petunias are red and others are purple. There must be different alleles of a
flower color gene that affect this trait in petunias. In addition, the amounts of sunlight,
fertilizer, and water also affect the intensity of flower color.
C9. The term diploid means that a cell has two copies of each type of chromosome. In humans,
most cells are diploid; an exception are gametes (i.e., sperm and egg cells). Gametes
usually have only one set of chromosomes.
C10. A DNA sequence is a sequence of nucleotides. Each nucleotide may have one of four
different bases (i.e., A, T, G, or C). When we speak of a DNA sequence, we focus on the
sequence of bases.
C11. The genetic code is the way in which the sequence of bases in mRNA is read to produce a
sequence of amino acids within a protein.
C12.
A. A gene is a segment of DNA. For most genes, the expression of the gene results in the
production of a functional protein. The functioning of proteins within living cells affects the
traits of an organism.
B. A gene is a segment of DNA that usually codes the information for the production of a
specific protein. Genes are found within chromosomes. Many genes are found within a
single chromosome.
C. An allele is an alternative version of a particular gene. For example, suppose that a plant has
a flower color gene. One allele of this gene may produce a white flower, and a different
allele may produce an orange flower. The white allele and the orange allele are two
versions of the flower color gene.
D. A DNA sequence is a sequence of nucleotides. The information within a DNA sequence
(which is transcribed into an RNA sequence) specifies the amino acid sequence within a
polypeptide.
C13. The statement in part A is not correct. Individuals do not evolve. Populations evolve
because certain individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce and pass their genes
to succeeding generations.
C14.
A. How genes and traits are transmitted from parents to offspring
B. How the genetic material functions at the molecular and cellular levels
C. Why genetic variation exists in populations, and how it changes over the course of many
generations
Experimental Questions
E1. A genetic cross involves breeding two different individuals.
© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
Genetics Analysis and
Principles 8 Edition By
th
Robert Brooker (All
Chapters 100% Original
Verified A+ Grade)
, Genetics, Analysis & Principles/8e
Solutions Manual
CHAPTER 1
Note: The answers to the Comprehension questions are in Appendix B.
Concept check questions (following figure legends)
FIGURE 1.1
Understanding our genes may help to diagnose inherited diseases. It may also lead to the
development of drugs to combat diseases. Other answers are possible.
FIGURE 1.2
Many ethical issues are associated with human cloning. Is it the wrong thing to do? Does it
conflict with an individual’s religious views? And so on.
FIGURE 1.3
Because females mate only once, sorting out the male mosquitoes and releasing sterile males
into the environment can limit mosquito reproduction.
FIGURE 1.4
DNA is a macromolecule.
FIGURE 1.5
DNA and proteins are found in chromosomes. A small amount of RNA may also be associated
with chromosomes when transcription is occurring, and, as discussed in Chapter 17, some
non-coding RNAs may bind to chromosomes.
FIGURE 1.6
The information to make a polypeptide is stored in DNA.
FIGURE 1.7
The dark-colored butterfly has a more active pigment-synthesizing enzyme.
FIGURE 1.8
Genetic variation is the reason these frogs look different.
FIGURE 1.9
These are examples of variation in chromosome number.
FIGURE 1.1 0
© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
,A corn gamete contains 10 chromosomes. (The leaf cells are diploid.)
FIGURE 1.11
The horse populations adapted to their environment, which has gradually changed over the
course of many years.
FIGURE 1.12
There are several possible examples of other model organisms, including rats and frogs.
End-of-chapter Questions:
Conceptual Questions
C1. There are many possible answers. Some common areas to discuss might involve the impact
of genetics in the production of new medicines, the diagnosis of diseases, the production of
new kinds of food, and the use of DNA fingerprinting to solve crimes.
C2. A chromosome is a very long polymer of DNA. A gene is a specific sequence of bases
within that polymer; the sequence of bases distinguishes a gene from other genes. Genes
are located in chromosomes, which are found within living cells.
C3. The structure and function of proteins govern the structure and function of living cells. The
cells of the body determine an organism’s traits.
C4. At the molecular level, a gene (a sequence of bases in DNA) is first transcribed into RNA.
Most genes are transcribed into an mRNA, which codes a polypeptide. The genetic code
within the mRNA is used to synthesize a polypeptide with a particular amino acid sequence.
This second process is called translation.
C5.
A. Molecular level. This is a description of a how an allele affects protein function.
B. Cellular level. This is a description of how protein function affects cell structure.
C. Population level. This is a description of how the two alleles affect members of a population.
D. Organism level. This is a description of how the alleles affect the traits of an individual.
C6. Genetic variation is the occurrence of genetic differences in members of the same species
or among different species. Within any population, variation may occur in the genetic
material. Variation may occur in particular genes, so some individuals carry one allele and
other individuals carry a different allele. An example would be alleles that cause differences
in coat color among mammals. Variation may also occur in chromosome structure and
number. In plants, differences in chromosome number can affect disease resistance.
C7. An extra chromosome (specifically an extra copy of chromosome 21) causes Down
syndrome.
© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
, C8. You can pick almost any trait. For example, flower color in petunias would be an interesting
choice. Some petunias are red and others are purple. There must be different alleles of a
flower color gene that affect this trait in petunias. In addition, the amounts of sunlight,
fertilizer, and water also affect the intensity of flower color.
C9. The term diploid means that a cell has two copies of each type of chromosome. In humans,
most cells are diploid; an exception are gametes (i.e., sperm and egg cells). Gametes
usually have only one set of chromosomes.
C10. A DNA sequence is a sequence of nucleotides. Each nucleotide may have one of four
different bases (i.e., A, T, G, or C). When we speak of a DNA sequence, we focus on the
sequence of bases.
C11. The genetic code is the way in which the sequence of bases in mRNA is read to produce a
sequence of amino acids within a protein.
C12.
A. A gene is a segment of DNA. For most genes, the expression of the gene results in the
production of a functional protein. The functioning of proteins within living cells affects the
traits of an organism.
B. A gene is a segment of DNA that usually codes the information for the production of a
specific protein. Genes are found within chromosomes. Many genes are found within a
single chromosome.
C. An allele is an alternative version of a particular gene. For example, suppose that a plant has
a flower color gene. One allele of this gene may produce a white flower, and a different
allele may produce an orange flower. The white allele and the orange allele are two
versions of the flower color gene.
D. A DNA sequence is a sequence of nucleotides. The information within a DNA sequence
(which is transcribed into an RNA sequence) specifies the amino acid sequence within a
polypeptide.
C13. The statement in part A is not correct. Individuals do not evolve. Populations evolve
because certain individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce and pass their genes
to succeeding generations.
C14.
A. How genes and traits are transmitted from parents to offspring
B. How the genetic material functions at the molecular and cellular levels
C. Why genetic variation exists in populations, and how it changes over the course of many
generations
Experimental Questions
E1. A genetic cross involves breeding two different individuals.
© McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC.
