SPCE 630 Final Exam: Questions/Solutions (100%
Accurate)
Strongest threats to internal validity for withdrawal/reversal designs
include all of the following except Right Ans - history
The primary ethical concern associated with withdrawal designs is
Right Ans - removing a successful intervention
External validity of an ABAB design can be improved by Right Ans -
having at least 3 participants
Unlike withdrawal designs, reversal designs involve Right Ans - a second
intervention phase
Which is the most powerful within-subject design? Right Ans - ABAB
In withdrawal designs, when is procedural infidelity most likely to occur?
Right Ans - immediately after condition changes
When using "ABC Notation," the B stands for Right Ans - intervention 1
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of an AB design (intervention is
not withdrawn, lack of control for internal validity, lack of control for
external validity, cannot determine functional relationships) Right Ans -
intervention is not withdrawn
What can researchers do to help avoid attrition in withdrawal designs?
Right Ans - disclose and describe the withdrawal condition during the
consent process
The withdrawal design is not particularly sensitive to which threats to
internal validity?
a) history, maturation, data instability
b) procedural infidelity, attrition, maturation
c) carryover effects, hawthorne effect, irreversibility of behaviors
d) testing, procedural infidelity, data instability Right Ans - d
, history Right Ans - refers to events that occur during an experiment, but
are not related to planned procedural changes that may influence the
outcome
maturation Right Ans - changes in behavior due to passage of time
testing Right Ans - threat in any study that requires participants to
respond to the same test repeatedly
facilitative effect Right Ans - an improvement in performance over
successive baseline or probe testing or observation sessions
inhibitive effect Right Ans - a deterioration in performance over
successive baseline or probe testing or observation sessions
multiple-treatment interference Right Ans - occurs when a study
participant's behavior is influenced by more than one planned "treatments"
or interventions during the course of a study
sequential confounding Right Ans - when the order in which
experimental conditions are introduced to participants influences their
behavior
carryover effect Right Ans - the effect when a procedure used in one
experimental condition influences behavior in an adjacent condition
instability Right Ans - the amount of variability in the data over time
cyclical veriability Right Ans - a specific type of data instability that
refers to a repeated and predictable pattern in the data series over time
variability Right Ans - also referred to as data instability
regression to the mean Right Ans - refers to the likelihood that following
an outlying data point, data are likely to revert back to levels closer to the
average value
instrumentation threats Right Ans - refers to the concerns of the
measurement system
Accurate)
Strongest threats to internal validity for withdrawal/reversal designs
include all of the following except Right Ans - history
The primary ethical concern associated with withdrawal designs is
Right Ans - removing a successful intervention
External validity of an ABAB design can be improved by Right Ans -
having at least 3 participants
Unlike withdrawal designs, reversal designs involve Right Ans - a second
intervention phase
Which is the most powerful within-subject design? Right Ans - ABAB
In withdrawal designs, when is procedural infidelity most likely to occur?
Right Ans - immediately after condition changes
When using "ABC Notation," the B stands for Right Ans - intervention 1
Which of the following is NOT a limitation of an AB design (intervention is
not withdrawn, lack of control for internal validity, lack of control for
external validity, cannot determine functional relationships) Right Ans -
intervention is not withdrawn
What can researchers do to help avoid attrition in withdrawal designs?
Right Ans - disclose and describe the withdrawal condition during the
consent process
The withdrawal design is not particularly sensitive to which threats to
internal validity?
a) history, maturation, data instability
b) procedural infidelity, attrition, maturation
c) carryover effects, hawthorne effect, irreversibility of behaviors
d) testing, procedural infidelity, data instability Right Ans - d
, history Right Ans - refers to events that occur during an experiment, but
are not related to planned procedural changes that may influence the
outcome
maturation Right Ans - changes in behavior due to passage of time
testing Right Ans - threat in any study that requires participants to
respond to the same test repeatedly
facilitative effect Right Ans - an improvement in performance over
successive baseline or probe testing or observation sessions
inhibitive effect Right Ans - a deterioration in performance over
successive baseline or probe testing or observation sessions
multiple-treatment interference Right Ans - occurs when a study
participant's behavior is influenced by more than one planned "treatments"
or interventions during the course of a study
sequential confounding Right Ans - when the order in which
experimental conditions are introduced to participants influences their
behavior
carryover effect Right Ans - the effect when a procedure used in one
experimental condition influences behavior in an adjacent condition
instability Right Ans - the amount of variability in the data over time
cyclical veriability Right Ans - a specific type of data instability that
refers to a repeated and predictable pattern in the data series over time
variability Right Ans - also referred to as data instability
regression to the mean Right Ans - refers to the likelihood that following
an outlying data point, data are likely to revert back to levels closer to the
average value
instrumentation threats Right Ans - refers to the concerns of the
measurement system
