SPCE 630 Final Exam 2025: Questions With Solutions
What is the systematic investigation and manipulation of variables to
identify associations and understand processes that occur in typical
context? Right Ans - Research
What involves systematic investigation related to the pursuit of knowledge
in practical and realms or to solve real-world problems Right Ans -
applied research
What is driven purely by curiosity and desire to expand our knowledge
Right Ans - basic research
What is used to answer a specfic question and has direct application to the
world Right Ans - applied research
In applied research, we are most intersted in determining the realtion
between Right Ans - independent and dependent variables
That variable that the researchers manipulate (interventions) Right Ans
- independent variable
The variable we expect to change given the manipulation (target behavior)
Right Ans - dependent variable
Applied research focused on specfic problems of learning and
reinforcement in schools, clinics, and communities, supports the
advancement of science and knowledge in a given field while also making a
direct impact on clients and consumers: true or false Right Ans - true
what are used to answer applied problems that been acknowledged for
decades Right Ans - single case design
´Interventions found to be effective in resource rich controlled settings may
not be able to be carried out at the same level of _______ thus affecting the
outcome of the intervention Right Ans - fidelity
,When studies ensure that outcomes are related to your intervention
procedures rather than extraneous factors, the study is said to have
Right Ans - internal validity
_________________________ shows that the experimental procedures
(intervention) and only the experimental procedures are responsible for
the behavior change Right Ans - experimental control
When the change in the dependent variable is causally related to the
implementation of the independent variable, the study is said to have
Right Ans - functional relation
What refers to intervention procedures that have been scientifically
verified as being effective for changing specific behaviors Right Ans -
Evidence based practice
What is (as it relates to education) is; "A curriculum, behavioral
intervention, systems change, or educational approach designed to be used
by families, educators, or students with the express expectation that
implementation will result in measurable educational, social, behavioral, or
physical benefit Right Ans - practice
the research question should determine the ____________ and design choosen
Right Ans - research method
what are the research methods? Right Ans - group, single case, or
qualitative
The consistency of defining the target behavior clearly and concisely that
way two observers consistently agree on scoring is known as Right Ans -
reliability
what is the heart of the scientific method Right Ans - replication
experimental studeies should include Right Ans - description of target
behavior, prediction of the impact of the IV on DV, appropriate test to see if
prediction is correct
,The right to effetive beahvioral treatment was passed in 1989 states t
Right Ans - that consumers have the right to effective and scientifically
validated treatment
what was designed to inform stakeholders by providing a source of
information regarding the scientific evidence of effectiveness for education
practicies that could be used to encourage making informed and data-
based decisions and in turn improve child outcomes Right Ans - what
works clearinghouse
Variables other than the planned independent variable that could result in
changes in the dependent variable are Right Ans - threats to internal
validity
´Experimental group design studies ________________ assign participants to a
study conditions (e.g., experimental group or control group) Right Ans -
randomly
_____________________________ group design studies do not use random
assignment of participants but other strategies to control for differences
(e.g., counterbalance technique or participant matching_) Right Ans -
Quasi-experimental
´In experimental designs, if the prediction "proves" true__, it is said there is
a ______________ ____________ between the independent and dependent
variables Right Ans - functional relation
What designs have no manipulation of the independent variable by the
investigator Right Ans - correlational studies
What approaches are generally based in natural __sciences____ and are
characterized by attempting to explain associations that can be generalized
to a group given certain characteristics Right Ans - nomothetic
What approaches are common in the humanities, and attempt to specify
associations that vary based on certain characteristics or contingencies
present for the participants or case of interest Right Ans - idiographic
, It is the fundamental logic that individuals assigned to each study condition
are equivalent on "_______" characteristics or status variables (e.g.,
_chronological age___, _gender______, __test scores, ethnicity__, etc.) Right
Ans - key
´Group comparison design cannot be ___________________ to the individual
Right Ans - generalized
´What is an "umbrella__" term that refers to a number of descriptive______
research approaches that investigate the quality of relationships_____,
_activities_____, _situations__, or ___materials___ Right Ans - qualitative
What approach entails an _in-depth___ and detailed __description___ of one
or more cases Right Ans - case study
´refers to the study of _culture____, in which the investigator unobtrusively
observes people in their natural setting without an attempt to influence
their behavior or event Right Ans - Ethnography
__ is the study of people's __reactions_ and perceptions of a particular event
or situation Right Ans - Phenomenology
What analysis is when a hypothesis____ is formulated prior to _conducting__
a study to test a _theory__________ Right Ans - deductive
What analysis is when researches ___collect__ data and _describe___ themes
or __trends__ in the data without offering a theory Right Ans - inductive
What is a ___quantitative__ experimental research approach in which study
participants serve as their own _control_____ Right Ans - Single Case
Design
validity means Right Ans - accuracy
reliability means Right Ans - consistency
When participants serve as their own control it is known as Right Ans -
baseline logic
What is the systematic investigation and manipulation of variables to
identify associations and understand processes that occur in typical
context? Right Ans - Research
What involves systematic investigation related to the pursuit of knowledge
in practical and realms or to solve real-world problems Right Ans -
applied research
What is driven purely by curiosity and desire to expand our knowledge
Right Ans - basic research
What is used to answer a specfic question and has direct application to the
world Right Ans - applied research
In applied research, we are most intersted in determining the realtion
between Right Ans - independent and dependent variables
That variable that the researchers manipulate (interventions) Right Ans
- independent variable
The variable we expect to change given the manipulation (target behavior)
Right Ans - dependent variable
Applied research focused on specfic problems of learning and
reinforcement in schools, clinics, and communities, supports the
advancement of science and knowledge in a given field while also making a
direct impact on clients and consumers: true or false Right Ans - true
what are used to answer applied problems that been acknowledged for
decades Right Ans - single case design
´Interventions found to be effective in resource rich controlled settings may
not be able to be carried out at the same level of _______ thus affecting the
outcome of the intervention Right Ans - fidelity
,When studies ensure that outcomes are related to your intervention
procedures rather than extraneous factors, the study is said to have
Right Ans - internal validity
_________________________ shows that the experimental procedures
(intervention) and only the experimental procedures are responsible for
the behavior change Right Ans - experimental control
When the change in the dependent variable is causally related to the
implementation of the independent variable, the study is said to have
Right Ans - functional relation
What refers to intervention procedures that have been scientifically
verified as being effective for changing specific behaviors Right Ans -
Evidence based practice
What is (as it relates to education) is; "A curriculum, behavioral
intervention, systems change, or educational approach designed to be used
by families, educators, or students with the express expectation that
implementation will result in measurable educational, social, behavioral, or
physical benefit Right Ans - practice
the research question should determine the ____________ and design choosen
Right Ans - research method
what are the research methods? Right Ans - group, single case, or
qualitative
The consistency of defining the target behavior clearly and concisely that
way two observers consistently agree on scoring is known as Right Ans -
reliability
what is the heart of the scientific method Right Ans - replication
experimental studeies should include Right Ans - description of target
behavior, prediction of the impact of the IV on DV, appropriate test to see if
prediction is correct
,The right to effetive beahvioral treatment was passed in 1989 states t
Right Ans - that consumers have the right to effective and scientifically
validated treatment
what was designed to inform stakeholders by providing a source of
information regarding the scientific evidence of effectiveness for education
practicies that could be used to encourage making informed and data-
based decisions and in turn improve child outcomes Right Ans - what
works clearinghouse
Variables other than the planned independent variable that could result in
changes in the dependent variable are Right Ans - threats to internal
validity
´Experimental group design studies ________________ assign participants to a
study conditions (e.g., experimental group or control group) Right Ans -
randomly
_____________________________ group design studies do not use random
assignment of participants but other strategies to control for differences
(e.g., counterbalance technique or participant matching_) Right Ans -
Quasi-experimental
´In experimental designs, if the prediction "proves" true__, it is said there is
a ______________ ____________ between the independent and dependent
variables Right Ans - functional relation
What designs have no manipulation of the independent variable by the
investigator Right Ans - correlational studies
What approaches are generally based in natural __sciences____ and are
characterized by attempting to explain associations that can be generalized
to a group given certain characteristics Right Ans - nomothetic
What approaches are common in the humanities, and attempt to specify
associations that vary based on certain characteristics or contingencies
present for the participants or case of interest Right Ans - idiographic
, It is the fundamental logic that individuals assigned to each study condition
are equivalent on "_______" characteristics or status variables (e.g.,
_chronological age___, _gender______, __test scores, ethnicity__, etc.) Right
Ans - key
´Group comparison design cannot be ___________________ to the individual
Right Ans - generalized
´What is an "umbrella__" term that refers to a number of descriptive______
research approaches that investigate the quality of relationships_____,
_activities_____, _situations__, or ___materials___ Right Ans - qualitative
What approach entails an _in-depth___ and detailed __description___ of one
or more cases Right Ans - case study
´refers to the study of _culture____, in which the investigator unobtrusively
observes people in their natural setting without an attempt to influence
their behavior or event Right Ans - Ethnography
__ is the study of people's __reactions_ and perceptions of a particular event
or situation Right Ans - Phenomenology
What analysis is when a hypothesis____ is formulated prior to _conducting__
a study to test a _theory__________ Right Ans - deductive
What analysis is when researches ___collect__ data and _describe___ themes
or __trends__ in the data without offering a theory Right Ans - inductive
What is a ___quantitative__ experimental research approach in which study
participants serve as their own _control_____ Right Ans - Single Case
Design
validity means Right Ans - accuracy
reliability means Right Ans - consistency
When participants serve as their own control it is known as Right Ans -
baseline logic
