SPCE 630 Final Exam – Questions With Accurate
Solutions
Applied research Right Ans - scientific study that aims to solve practical
problems
Independent variable Right Ans - The experimental factor that is
manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
Dependent variable Right Ans - The outcome factor; the variable that
may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Internal validity Right Ans - the degree to which changes in the
dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent
variable
Experimental control Right Ans - Two meanings: (a) the outcome of an
experiment that demonstrates convincingly a functional relations, meaning
that experimental control is achieved when a predictable change in
behavior (the dependent variable can be reliably produced by manipulating
a specific aspect of the environment (the independent variable); and (b)
the extent to which a researcher maintains precise control of the
independent variable by presenting it, with drawing it, and/or varying its
value, and also by eliminating or holding constant all confounding and
extraneous variables.
Functional Relation Right Ans - The change in the DV (behavior) is
causally (functionally) related to the implementation of the IV
evidence-based practice Right Ans - intervention procedures that have
been scientifically verified as being effective for changing a specific
behavior of interest, under given conditions, and for particular participants
Reliability Right Ans - the extent to which a test yields consistent
results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test,
on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
, threats to internal validity Right Ans - variables other than the planned
independent variable that could result in changes in the dependent
variable: history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, procedural
infidelity, selection bias, multiple-treatment interference, data instability,
cyclical variability, regression to the mean, adaptation, & Hawthorne Effect
Nomothetic Right Ans - Concepts or rules that can be applied
universally.
Idiographic Right Ans - An approach to studying personality that
focuses on individual case studies.
Validity Right Ans - the extent to which a test measures or predicts what
it is supposed to
Baseline Logic Right Ans - a term sometimes used to refer to the
experimental reasoning inherent in single subject experimental designs;
entails three elements: prediction, verification, and replication.
History Right Ans - events that occur while a study is being conducted
and that are not a part of the experimental manipulation or treatment
Maturation Right Ans - changes in behavior due to the passage of time
Testing Right Ans - a threat in any study that requires participants to
respond to the same test repeatedly, especially during a baseline or probe
condition; it is the likelihood that the repeated assessment task will result
in participant behavior change
Instrumentation Right Ans - a threat to internal validity when there are
inconsistencies in data collection
Procedural Infidelity Right Ans - the lack of adherence to condition
protocols by study implementers
attrition Right Ans - the loss of participants during a study
Attrition bias Right Ans - the likelihood that participant loss (attrition)
impacts the outcome of the study
Solutions
Applied research Right Ans - scientific study that aims to solve practical
problems
Independent variable Right Ans - The experimental factor that is
manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.
Dependent variable Right Ans - The outcome factor; the variable that
may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.
Internal validity Right Ans - the degree to which changes in the
dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent
variable
Experimental control Right Ans - Two meanings: (a) the outcome of an
experiment that demonstrates convincingly a functional relations, meaning
that experimental control is achieved when a predictable change in
behavior (the dependent variable can be reliably produced by manipulating
a specific aspect of the environment (the independent variable); and (b)
the extent to which a researcher maintains precise control of the
independent variable by presenting it, with drawing it, and/or varying its
value, and also by eliminating or holding constant all confounding and
extraneous variables.
Functional Relation Right Ans - The change in the DV (behavior) is
causally (functionally) related to the implementation of the IV
evidence-based practice Right Ans - intervention procedures that have
been scientifically verified as being effective for changing a specific
behavior of interest, under given conditions, and for particular participants
Reliability Right Ans - the extent to which a test yields consistent
results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test,
on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
, threats to internal validity Right Ans - variables other than the planned
independent variable that could result in changes in the dependent
variable: history, maturation, testing, instrumentation, procedural
infidelity, selection bias, multiple-treatment interference, data instability,
cyclical variability, regression to the mean, adaptation, & Hawthorne Effect
Nomothetic Right Ans - Concepts or rules that can be applied
universally.
Idiographic Right Ans - An approach to studying personality that
focuses on individual case studies.
Validity Right Ans - the extent to which a test measures or predicts what
it is supposed to
Baseline Logic Right Ans - a term sometimes used to refer to the
experimental reasoning inherent in single subject experimental designs;
entails three elements: prediction, verification, and replication.
History Right Ans - events that occur while a study is being conducted
and that are not a part of the experimental manipulation or treatment
Maturation Right Ans - changes in behavior due to the passage of time
Testing Right Ans - a threat in any study that requires participants to
respond to the same test repeatedly, especially during a baseline or probe
condition; it is the likelihood that the repeated assessment task will result
in participant behavior change
Instrumentation Right Ans - a threat to internal validity when there are
inconsistencies in data collection
Procedural Infidelity Right Ans - the lack of adherence to condition
protocols by study implementers
attrition Right Ans - the loss of participants during a study
Attrition bias Right Ans - the likelihood that participant loss (attrition)
impacts the outcome of the study
