MCB3020 ASGHARI EXAM 2 |
GUARANTEED ACCURATE
ANSWERS
First Law of Thermodynamics - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ energy
can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed or
redistributed.
Total energy in universe remains constant
Second Law of Thermodynamics - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
entropy (disorder) in the universe is constantly increasing
Standard reduction potential (Eo) - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ a
measure of a reducing agent's tendency to lose electrons
more negative Eo is better electron donor
Why does aerobic growth generate the highest amount of ATP? How
does this play a role in electron transport system - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ because oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor with
greatest Eo
ETC moves electrons from carriers with more negative Eo to carriers
with a more positive Eo
,Compare Eo of aerobic and anaerobic respiration - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ aerobic is more efficient because oxygen is terminal
electron acceptor, creating the most ATP
Describe how enzymes are involved in chemical reactions -
ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ biological catalyst that speeds up rate of
reaction by lowering activation energy
Apoenzyme - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ protein component of the
holoenzyme
Cofactor, significance? - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ non protein
component of haloenzyme
can be prosthetic group which firmly attach to enzyme or can be loosely
attached coenzyme
How are enzymatic activities regulated or inhibited - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ via changes in temperature, pH, or saturation of
substrate molecule
Compare and contrast ribozymes and enzymes - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ ribozyme is RNA molecule wtih catalytic activity
enzyme is a protein with catalytic activity
Allosteric Regulation VS Covalent Modification (ways to regulate
enzyme activity) - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ AR: small molecule
, binds reversibly to regulatory site away from catalytic site, causing
conformational change in enzyme, altering its activity
CM: chemical groups are added to or removed from the enzyme,
affecting its activity
Effects of environmental factors of enzymatic activities? How? -
ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Saturation: increases as concentration of
substrate increases. at point of saturation, adding more substrate will not
increase the rate of reaction
Temperature: every enzyme has optimal temperature, any deviation
decreases rate of reaction. Increase in temp impacts H bonds and
function
pH: every enzyme has optimal pH, any deviation decreases rate of
reaction. change also alters ionic properties and function
*may become denatured if temp or pH deviate too much*
Fermentation vs Respiration - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ F:
inefficient method of producing energy, involves only *substrate-level
phosphorylation*. Yields less ATP, endogenous electron receptor is
reduced and then regenerated.
R: efficient method of producing energy that involves *oxidative
phosphorylation*. involves the oxidation of glucose and passage of
GUARANTEED ACCURATE
ANSWERS
First Law of Thermodynamics - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ energy
can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed or
redistributed.
Total energy in universe remains constant
Second Law of Thermodynamics - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔
entropy (disorder) in the universe is constantly increasing
Standard reduction potential (Eo) - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ a
measure of a reducing agent's tendency to lose electrons
more negative Eo is better electron donor
Why does aerobic growth generate the highest amount of ATP? How
does this play a role in electron transport system - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ because oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor with
greatest Eo
ETC moves electrons from carriers with more negative Eo to carriers
with a more positive Eo
,Compare Eo of aerobic and anaerobic respiration - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ aerobic is more efficient because oxygen is terminal
electron acceptor, creating the most ATP
Describe how enzymes are involved in chemical reactions -
ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ biological catalyst that speeds up rate of
reaction by lowering activation energy
Apoenzyme - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ protein component of the
holoenzyme
Cofactor, significance? - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ non protein
component of haloenzyme
can be prosthetic group which firmly attach to enzyme or can be loosely
attached coenzyme
How are enzymatic activities regulated or inhibited - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ via changes in temperature, pH, or saturation of
substrate molecule
Compare and contrast ribozymes and enzymes - ACCURATE
ANSWERS✔✔ ribozyme is RNA molecule wtih catalytic activity
enzyme is a protein with catalytic activity
Allosteric Regulation VS Covalent Modification (ways to regulate
enzyme activity) - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ AR: small molecule
, binds reversibly to regulatory site away from catalytic site, causing
conformational change in enzyme, altering its activity
CM: chemical groups are added to or removed from the enzyme,
affecting its activity
Effects of environmental factors of enzymatic activities? How? -
ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ Saturation: increases as concentration of
substrate increases. at point of saturation, adding more substrate will not
increase the rate of reaction
Temperature: every enzyme has optimal temperature, any deviation
decreases rate of reaction. Increase in temp impacts H bonds and
function
pH: every enzyme has optimal pH, any deviation decreases rate of
reaction. change also alters ionic properties and function
*may become denatured if temp or pH deviate too much*
Fermentation vs Respiration - ACCURATE ANSWERS✔✔ F:
inefficient method of producing energy, involves only *substrate-level
phosphorylation*. Yields less ATP, endogenous electron receptor is
reduced and then regenerated.
R: efficient method of producing energy that involves *oxidative
phosphorylation*. involves the oxidation of glucose and passage of
