NR 503 REVIEW EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
The nurse practitioner is reviewing a recent study that utilizes analytic
epidemiology by means of a cohort study design. The cohort study design
informs the practitioner about which of the following - ANSWER>>Outcomes
that develop from an exposure
A group of providers have implemented population-based intervention and are
now assessing the efficacy of the intervention. Which of the following would be
an example of a population based outcome? - ANSWER>>Decreased mortality
rate compared to previous year
Appraisal of research publications is critical as providers assess for relevance to
population health. Which of the following items should be considered during
the appraisal process? Select all that apply. - ANSWER>>Outcome measure,
Transparency, Internal Validity
What is being compared in a cohort study design? - ANSWER>>The incidence of
a disease between exposed and non-exposed individuals
Analytic epidemiology is best described as: - ANSWER>>Studies that investigate
origins and casuals' factors of health-related events
You are part of a research group investigating association between exposure
and disease. Which study design is a best fit for this type of study: -
ANSWER>>Case-Control Study
The provider is concerned about what appears to be an increase in the mortality
rate for their community. Mortality is an example of which of the following: -
ANSWER>>Vital statistic
,An example of a tertiary prevention measure for chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease is: - ANSWER>>Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Which of the following statements best describe efficacy? - ANSWER>>It is an
estimate of the benefit of treatment under ideal conditions
It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups
A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for
reducing heart disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an
additional study is done restricting the participants to be randomized to those
who have a history of hypertension. Which of the following advantages cannot
be claimed by the researchers? - ANSWER>>The generalizability of the study is
increased
What is the main advantage of the randomization of the 168 study participants
to one of the two drug treatment groups? - ANSWER>>Reduces selection bias
After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those
who had a previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other
cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure, and those with a first
AMI who were at low risk for other cardiovascular diseases. Which term best
describes the study design? - ANSWER>>Randomized clinical trial with stratified
randomization
After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were
men, while 80% of those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is
most likely to be true? - ANSWER>>Randomization was successful since the
investigators did not alter the selection of participants in either group in order
to ensure equal percentages of men
A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months and found that 87% of
participants in the placebo group and 85% of those in the drug X group had
taken more than 90% of their prescribed dosages. Which statement best
, describes this finding? - ANSWER>>The characteristics of patients who failed to
comply with the treatment dosages should be assessed as they may differ from
those who complied
Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the
study as a double-blind trial? - ANSWER>>Double blinding ensures that
potential biases regarding selection, follow-up, and analysis can be reduced
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation.
Smokers who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control .....
brochures and a monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants received
mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24 months after randomization. The results after 2
years are in the table below. Which group had the least success in terms of
quitting smoking? - ANSWER>>Group QS
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation.
Smokers who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control
group C who received no intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who
received brochures about how to quit smoking, quitting guide and support
group QS who received quitting brochures as well as social support brochures
listing benefits of smoking cessation, and telephone support group T who
received the brochures and a monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants
received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24 months after randomization. The
results after 2 years are in the table below. What is the main purpose of
randomization in this study? - ANSWER>>To avoid assigning more persons who
have tried and failed to quit in the past to the control group
Test A has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 90%. Test B has a sensitivity of
80% and a specificity of 98%. In a community of 10,000 people with 5%
prevalence of the disease, Test A has always been given before Test B. What is
the best reason for changing the order of the tests? - ANSWER>>The total
number of false positives found by both tests is decreased if Test B is given first
CORRECT ANSWERS
The nurse practitioner is reviewing a recent study that utilizes analytic
epidemiology by means of a cohort study design. The cohort study design
informs the practitioner about which of the following - ANSWER>>Outcomes
that develop from an exposure
A group of providers have implemented population-based intervention and are
now assessing the efficacy of the intervention. Which of the following would be
an example of a population based outcome? - ANSWER>>Decreased mortality
rate compared to previous year
Appraisal of research publications is critical as providers assess for relevance to
population health. Which of the following items should be considered during
the appraisal process? Select all that apply. - ANSWER>>Outcome measure,
Transparency, Internal Validity
What is being compared in a cohort study design? - ANSWER>>The incidence of
a disease between exposed and non-exposed individuals
Analytic epidemiology is best described as: - ANSWER>>Studies that investigate
origins and casuals' factors of health-related events
You are part of a research group investigating association between exposure
and disease. Which study design is a best fit for this type of study: -
ANSWER>>Case-Control Study
The provider is concerned about what appears to be an increase in the mortality
rate for their community. Mortality is an example of which of the following: -
ANSWER>>Vital statistic
,An example of a tertiary prevention measure for chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease is: - ANSWER>>Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Which of the following statements best describe efficacy? - ANSWER>>It is an
estimate of the benefit of treatment under ideal conditions
It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups
A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for
reducing heart disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an
additional study is done restricting the participants to be randomized to those
who have a history of hypertension. Which of the following advantages cannot
be claimed by the researchers? - ANSWER>>The generalizability of the study is
increased
What is the main advantage of the randomization of the 168 study participants
to one of the two drug treatment groups? - ANSWER>>Reduces selection bias
After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those
who had a previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other
cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure, and those with a first
AMI who were at low risk for other cardiovascular diseases. Which term best
describes the study design? - ANSWER>>Randomized clinical trial with stratified
randomization
After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were
men, while 80% of those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is
most likely to be true? - ANSWER>>Randomization was successful since the
investigators did not alter the selection of participants in either group in order
to ensure equal percentages of men
A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months and found that 87% of
participants in the placebo group and 85% of those in the drug X group had
taken more than 90% of their prescribed dosages. Which statement best
, describes this finding? - ANSWER>>The characteristics of patients who failed to
comply with the treatment dosages should be assessed as they may differ from
those who complied
Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the
study as a double-blind trial? - ANSWER>>Double blinding ensures that
potential biases regarding selection, follow-up, and analysis can be reduced
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation.
Smokers who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control .....
brochures and a monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants received
mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24 months after randomization. The results after 2
years are in the table below. Which group had the least success in terms of
quitting smoking? - ANSWER>>Group QS
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation.
Smokers who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control
group C who received no intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who
received brochures about how to quit smoking, quitting guide and support
group QS who received quitting brochures as well as social support brochures
listing benefits of smoking cessation, and telephone support group T who
received the brochures and a monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants
received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24 months after randomization. The
results after 2 years are in the table below. What is the main purpose of
randomization in this study? - ANSWER>>To avoid assigning more persons who
have tried and failed to quit in the past to the control group
Test A has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 90%. Test B has a sensitivity of
80% and a specificity of 98%. In a community of 10,000 people with 5%
prevalence of the disease, Test A has always been given before Test B. What is
the best reason for changing the order of the tests? - ANSWER>>The total
number of false positives found by both tests is decreased if Test B is given first
