503 STATS EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED

503 STATS EXAM #1 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS VERIFIED Bias prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair. Descriptive Research Describes characteristics and phenomena without underlyingcausal mechanisms Discussion •Relationship to existing literature •Hypothesis revisited •Future questions and directions Abstract -purpose/hypothesis -rationale, context, importance of research Double-blind review -neither the authors' nor peer reviewers' identities are shared with each other, is thought to be the fairest system, but there is evidence that it does not affect reviewer behavior or influence decisions external validity application of the results to a larger sample (Draw sample then generalize back to the population) internal validity are you certain that the results are due to the intervention biological error vs technical error experimental research - Allows scientists to comment on cause and effect - Investigators control for as many variables as possible except the intervention - Likely has a control or placebo group -investigator manipulates IV and measures DV to imply cause-effect A hypothesis should always -explain what you expect to happen -be clear and understandable -be testable -be measurable -contain an independent and dependent variable Alternative vs. Null Hypothesis Alternate Hypotheis (H1): the means will be different Null Hypothesis (Ho): -no difference between the two means -is typically tested and either supported or refuted with p or 0.05 research (directional) hypothesis •what the person actually believes will occur -"Fat use is positively related to VO2max;" -"Interval training has a significant effect on increasing insulin sensitivity." null hypothesis -statement that there is NO RELATIONSHIP b/w variables -There is no relationship b/w BW and VO2max -There is no difference in %BF b/w men and women Introduction •Purpose-Hypothesis •Rationale, context, and importance of research methods •Approach to the research problem •Experimental design •Participants •Independent and dependent variables •Statistical analysis peer review -Peer review is the evaluation of work by one or more people with similar competencies as the producers of the work. It functions as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of a profession within the relevant field results •Descriptive and experimental findings presented succinctly Scientific Method 1. pose a question 2. seek an answer in existing literature 3. develop a hypothesis 4. conduct experiments 5. analyze data 6. draw conclusions 7. disseminate findings single-blind review -a conventional method of peer review where the authors do not know who the reviewers are characteristics of research systematic, logical, empirical, reductive (data are used to establish relationships) and replicable types of research experimental, laboratory, basic, quantitative, descriptive, field, applied, qualitative Lab vs Field research lab: controlled site Field: "real-world" site with less experimental basic vs applied basic: data collected without concern for how it will be used, with application primarily to _______? applied: data collected to answer practical questions with application primarily to _______? quantitative vs qualitative Quantitative: numerical data Qualitative: description of phenomena such as withsurveys and interviews