Structure & Properties of Materials
(MANE 2220U)
Ghaus Rizvi
Chapter 4 -
, Acknowledgement
• Most of the material included in the
lecture is from different editions of:
– Materials Science and Engineering: An
Introduction, By: William D. Callister, Jr. and
David G. Rethwisch, Wiley
Chapter 4 - 2
,Chapter 4: Imperfections in Solids
ISSUES TO ADDRESS...
• What are the solidification mechanisms?
• What types of defects arise in solid materials?
• Can the number and type of defects be varied
and controlled?
• How do defects affect material properties?
• Are defects undesirable?
Chapter 4 - 3
, Solidification
• Solidification- result of casting of molten material
– 2 steps
• Nuclei of the solid phase form
• Crystals grow until their boundaries meet each other – the
crystals become grains
• Start with a molten material – all liquid
(now the National Institute of Standards
Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC
and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.)]
[Photomicrograph courtesy of L. C.
Smith and C. Brady, the National
nuclei crystals growing grain structure
liquid Adapted from Fig. 4.15 (b), Callister & Rethwisch 10e.
Chapter 4 - 4
(MANE 2220U)
Ghaus Rizvi
Chapter 4 -
, Acknowledgement
• Most of the material included in the
lecture is from different editions of:
– Materials Science and Engineering: An
Introduction, By: William D. Callister, Jr. and
David G. Rethwisch, Wiley
Chapter 4 - 2
,Chapter 4: Imperfections in Solids
ISSUES TO ADDRESS...
• What are the solidification mechanisms?
• What types of defects arise in solid materials?
• Can the number and type of defects be varied
and controlled?
• How do defects affect material properties?
• Are defects undesirable?
Chapter 4 - 3
, Solidification
• Solidification- result of casting of molten material
– 2 steps
• Nuclei of the solid phase form
• Crystals grow until their boundaries meet each other – the
crystals become grains
• Start with a molten material – all liquid
(now the National Institute of Standards
Bureau of Standards, Washington, DC
and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD.)]
[Photomicrograph courtesy of L. C.
Smith and C. Brady, the National
nuclei crystals growing grain structure
liquid Adapted from Fig. 4.15 (b), Callister & Rethwisch 10e.
Chapter 4 - 4
