Unit 2 FRQ Study Guide
Population Pyramids relating to…
Demographic Transition Model
● Stage 1: Hunting and Gathering
○ Birth Rates: Over 25
○ Death Rates: over 25
○ NIR: 0%-2%
● Stage 2: Late Agriculture/ Industrializing
○ Demographic Trap: High CBR, low CDR -> No money going to infrastructure (money going
towards education) -> Primary is main job sector -> Children = economic assets
○ Birth Rates: 8-25
○ Death Rates: 25-40
○ NIR: over 2%
● Stage 3: Industrializing
○ Birth Rates: 12-25
○ Death Rates: 5-12
○ NIR: 1%-2%
● Stage 4: Post-Industrial/ Mature
○ Birth Rates: 8-16
○ Death Rates: 5-12
○ NIR: 1%-2%
● Stage 5: Theoretical
○ Birth Rates: VERY low
○ Death Rates: low
, ○ NIR: Declining
Dependency Ratios
● Country X:
○ Less developed (stage 2)
○ High Youth Dependency Ratio
■ These LDCs view the
children as assets
rather than burdens and because of the country not being as developed,
health care is not as good meaning people do not live as long
● Country Y:
○ More developed (stage 4)
○ Youth and Aged dependency similar
■ Good health care and low fertility rate
● Country z:
○ More developed (Stage 5)
○ High Aged dependency
■ Good Health care and very low fertility rate
● Problems faced with a high aged dependency
○ More elderly = more dependent on working population = high tax on working population
● Problems faced with high youth dependency
○ Country is stuck in demographic trap: no money going to infrastructure (money going
to education) = no economic growth
○ Stress on the economy meaning dependent population is too large to be supported by
the workforce
Pro and Anti Natalist Policies
● Pro-natalist: Promoting the birth of children
Population Pyramids relating to…
Demographic Transition Model
● Stage 1: Hunting and Gathering
○ Birth Rates: Over 25
○ Death Rates: over 25
○ NIR: 0%-2%
● Stage 2: Late Agriculture/ Industrializing
○ Demographic Trap: High CBR, low CDR -> No money going to infrastructure (money going
towards education) -> Primary is main job sector -> Children = economic assets
○ Birth Rates: 8-25
○ Death Rates: 25-40
○ NIR: over 2%
● Stage 3: Industrializing
○ Birth Rates: 12-25
○ Death Rates: 5-12
○ NIR: 1%-2%
● Stage 4: Post-Industrial/ Mature
○ Birth Rates: 8-16
○ Death Rates: 5-12
○ NIR: 1%-2%
● Stage 5: Theoretical
○ Birth Rates: VERY low
○ Death Rates: low
, ○ NIR: Declining
Dependency Ratios
● Country X:
○ Less developed (stage 2)
○ High Youth Dependency Ratio
■ These LDCs view the
children as assets
rather than burdens and because of the country not being as developed,
health care is not as good meaning people do not live as long
● Country Y:
○ More developed (stage 4)
○ Youth and Aged dependency similar
■ Good health care and low fertility rate
● Country z:
○ More developed (Stage 5)
○ High Aged dependency
■ Good Health care and very low fertility rate
● Problems faced with a high aged dependency
○ More elderly = more dependent on working population = high tax on working population
● Problems faced with high youth dependency
○ Country is stuck in demographic trap: no money going to infrastructure (money going
to education) = no economic growth
○ Stress on the economy meaning dependent population is too large to be supported by
the workforce
Pro and Anti Natalist Policies
● Pro-natalist: Promoting the birth of children
