Intergroup Relations From a
Multicultural Perspective
– Lecture 1: Diversity in the Netherlands –
Content
History of Diversity in the Netherlands ..................................................................................... 2
General demographics and related characteristics of non-western migrants ......................... 4
Dutch Migration Policies & Opinions ........................................................................................ 7
Multiculturalism ..................................................................................................................... 7
Opinions about another culture (Dutch vs. Islam) ................................................................. 7
After the Attacks of 9/11 in New York 2001 ............................................................................. 9
Rise of Populism .................................................................................................................... 9
Who experiences a ‘threat’ to the Dutch culture? ................................................................ 10
Factors to Predict Ethnic Prejudice .......................................................................................... 11
Autochtony (Martinovic & Verkuyten, 2013) ...................................................................... 11
Contact Theory (+) vs. Rejection Theory (-)........................................................................ 13
Realistic Conflict Theories (Coenders, Lubbers, Scheepers, & Verkuyten, 2008; Study 1) 14
Contemporary competitive circumstances (period effects) .............................................. 14
Formative competitive circumstances (during adolescence; cohort effects).................... 14
Change in political / ideological contexts (Coenders, Lubbers, Scheepers, & Verkuyten,
2008; Study 2 and 3) ............................................................................................................ 14
, History of Diversity in the Netherlands
Dutch Colonies
- Indonesia
- Suriname
- Antilles (Curacao, Aruba, ...)
After WW2: lack of industry workers due to high rate of industrialization
➔ Large distance migration of low skilled workers
o These ‘guest workers’ were expected to return but there were no job
opportunities in countries of origin
➔ Three migration waves
1. Guest workers
2. Their families
3. Their partners
- They were not asked to integrate at first (but nevertheless, they received the Dutch
nationality in the 1970/80s)
Migrant: at least one parent born abroad
1. Generation: The person is born abroad and has at least one parent who was born
abroad.
2. Generation: The person is born in the Netherlands and has at least one parent who was
born abroad
1. Generation: The person is born in the Netherlands, both parents were born in the
Netherlands and at least one grandparent was born abroad → native
23% of Dutch population (4.000.000 of 17.000.000 inhabitants) are immigrants of first or
second generation
2
Multicultural Perspective
– Lecture 1: Diversity in the Netherlands –
Content
History of Diversity in the Netherlands ..................................................................................... 2
General demographics and related characteristics of non-western migrants ......................... 4
Dutch Migration Policies & Opinions ........................................................................................ 7
Multiculturalism ..................................................................................................................... 7
Opinions about another culture (Dutch vs. Islam) ................................................................. 7
After the Attacks of 9/11 in New York 2001 ............................................................................. 9
Rise of Populism .................................................................................................................... 9
Who experiences a ‘threat’ to the Dutch culture? ................................................................ 10
Factors to Predict Ethnic Prejudice .......................................................................................... 11
Autochtony (Martinovic & Verkuyten, 2013) ...................................................................... 11
Contact Theory (+) vs. Rejection Theory (-)........................................................................ 13
Realistic Conflict Theories (Coenders, Lubbers, Scheepers, & Verkuyten, 2008; Study 1) 14
Contemporary competitive circumstances (period effects) .............................................. 14
Formative competitive circumstances (during adolescence; cohort effects).................... 14
Change in political / ideological contexts (Coenders, Lubbers, Scheepers, & Verkuyten,
2008; Study 2 and 3) ............................................................................................................ 14
, History of Diversity in the Netherlands
Dutch Colonies
- Indonesia
- Suriname
- Antilles (Curacao, Aruba, ...)
After WW2: lack of industry workers due to high rate of industrialization
➔ Large distance migration of low skilled workers
o These ‘guest workers’ were expected to return but there were no job
opportunities in countries of origin
➔ Three migration waves
1. Guest workers
2. Their families
3. Their partners
- They were not asked to integrate at first (but nevertheless, they received the Dutch
nationality in the 1970/80s)
Migrant: at least one parent born abroad
1. Generation: The person is born abroad and has at least one parent who was born
abroad.
2. Generation: The person is born in the Netherlands and has at least one parent who was
born abroad
1. Generation: The person is born in the Netherlands, both parents were born in the
Netherlands and at least one grandparent was born abroad → native
23% of Dutch population (4.000.000 of 17.000.000 inhabitants) are immigrants of first or
second generation
2
