Test Bank Solution Manual for Pulmonary Pathophysiology- Latest Update 2024

Test Bank Solution Manual for Pulmonary Pathophysiology- Latest Update 2024 thoracic vertebrae, lung parenchyma, cardiorespiratory centers in the brain, chemoreceptors - Answers while alterations in the ribs, diaphragm, intercostals, airway, and heart will affect the pulmonary system what are some less intuitive structures that are also significant? (4) lung parenchyma - Answers portion of the lung involved in gas transfer—the alveoli, alveolar ducts and respiratory bronchioles ventilation - Answers mvmt of air thru tubes as a result of PRESSURE differences gas exchange (ie it doesn't refer to gas exchange) - Answers ventilation refers to the mvmt of air, not... dead space - Answers areas of the pulmonary system where only ventilation occurs are known as... respiration - Answers refers to gas exchange; ie o2 in an co2 out persistent dry cough - Answers sign or symptom of pulmonary disease that could be due to a med side-effect, tumor, congestion, or allergies; does not produce sputum yellow/green sputum; indicative of infection clear/white substance; nonspecific irritation rust colored sputum; infection, infl, abscess, tumor, pneumonia - Answers a productive cough is one in which you expel a substance from your body, what are three things that can be produced and what do they mean? hemoptysis - Answers rust colored sputum indicative of infection, inflammation, abscess, tumor, or pneumonia abscess - Answers localized collection of pus chest radiograph - Answers first line of diagnosis for pulmonary conditions pulmonary function test - Answers PFT stands for muscles, airways, diseases - Answers pulmonary function tests of PFTs measure the function of respiratory _________, health/function of __________, and assist in classifying _______. tidal volume - Answers volume of air that moves in and out of the lungs during a normal relaxed breath inspiratory reserve volume - Answers amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation expiratory reserve volume - Answers amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation inspiratory capacity - Answers tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume vital capacity - Answers inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume residual volume - Answers amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation something that is already semi-inflated is easier to inflate more think of the balloon blowing up analogy - Answers residual volume is beneficial to inhalation because... functional residual capacity - Answers expiratory reserve volume + residual volume total lung capacity - Answers inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume or inspiratory capacity + functional residual capacity IRV - Answers which is larger IRV or ERV? inspiratory reserve volume - Answers IRV stands for tidal volume - Answers VT or TV stands for expiratory reserve volume - Answers ERV stands for residual volume - Answers RV stands for inspiratory capacity - Answers IC stands for functional residual capacity - Answers FRC stands for vital capacity - Answers VC stands for total lung capacity - Answers TLC stands for age - Answers lung volumes such as IRV, ERV, etc. change with... forced vital capacity (similar vital capacity) - Answers the maximum amount of air that can be removed from the lungs during forced expiration forced expiratory volume (similar to expiratory reserve volume) - Answers FEV stands for FEV(1) - Answers the amount of air you can forcefully expel w/i 1 second it is effort dependent - Answers forced vital capacity or FVC can be an imperfect test because... 80% - Answers what is a normal FEV(1)/FVC; ie what percentage of your vital capacity should you be able to force out within 1 second patency, flows - Answers FEV(1) gives a good idea of _______ of airways and how air _______ during expiration patency - Answers the condition of being unobstructed 4L - Answers if 5L is the FVC what would a normal FEV(1) be give bronchodilator and determine any improvement - Answers how can a FVC PFT be expanded upon with a second consecutive test infectious/inflammatory obstructive restrictive malignancy - Answers pulmonary pathology classifications (4) impeded; COPD, asthma - Answers an obstructive pulmonary pathology is when the flow of air is _________; this is often seen in what diseases restrictive - Answers a pulmonary pathology when the volume of air able to be utilized is decreased influenza and pneumonia - Answers 55,672 people per year die from what pulmonary pathologies hand washing, quitting smoking, vaccinations - Answers top 3 ways to prevent pulmonary disease according to the CDC 61.3% if those 65 and older - Answers what percentage of what age of americans have received pneumococcal vaccines wet hands lather with soap scrub for at least 20 sec rinse hands dry hands - Answers 5 steps of hand washing sing your ABCs twice - Answers a good way to make sure you scrub you hands for 20 sec is to... acute lung injury - Answers inflammation that damages lung parenchyma is known as... mycoplasma infections, inhalation of gases - Answers acute lung injuries can be due to bacteria, viruses, aspiration, and what else (2) mycoplasma - Answers organisms that have both viral and bacterial characteristics lobar pneumonia - Answers an example of when an acute lung injury impacts an entire lobe surfactant, alveolar-capillary membranes - Answers endotoxins from pathogens damage lung cells that produce _______ as well as _________-________ __________ which are responsible for gas exchange surfactant - Answers a substance that tends to reduce the surface tension of a liquid in which it is dissolved, in the lungs it allows the parietal and visceral pleura to stick together so that the lungs move with thorax expansion and compression inflammation and edema - Answers pathogenic endotoxin damage to lung cells creates __________ and _________ which impair movement of gases 1-2 lobes - Answers bacterial pneumonia is usually limited to how much of the lungs (it can become) bilateral pneumonia - Answers how widespread can viral pneumonia become NO - Answers do antibiotics work on viruses white where there shouldn't be - Answers pulmonary pathology can manifest how in a chest radiography parietal (because it is in contact with the rest of the thorax) - Answers which pleura of the lungs is vascularized dyspnea - Answers difficulty breathing tachypnea - Answers rapid breathing generalized myalgia - Answers this is a sign/symptom of pneumonia in which their is