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Boston Burr BRidge, BIL Dubuque, B IA Madison, BWI BNew BYork BSan BFrancisco BSt. BLouis
BBangkok B B B B Bogotá Caracas B B B B Kuala BLumpur Lisbon London Madrid B B
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BEdstsoR)BMHID: B0-07-338515-8
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B EdstsoR) BMHID: B0-07-726223-9
Vsce BPressdeRt BaRd BEdstor BsR BChsef: B Mickael BRpan
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Executsve B Edstor: BKatie B Stevens
Executsve B MarketsRg BMaRager: B Leslie
BOberkuber BDsrector B of B Develop1eRt: B Rkona
B Robbin BEdstorsal BAsssstaRt: B Erika B Lake
ProductsoR BEdstor: BBrett BCoker
MaRuscrspt BEdstor: BMargaret BMoore
BDessgR BMaRager: BLaurie BEntringer
BIRtersor BDessgRer: B Maureen
BMcCutckeon BPhoto B Edstor: B Natalia
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BProductsoR BSupervssor: B Rickard
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B Sarak B Hegartp BMedsa BProject
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B Producer: B Louis B Swaim
Co1posstsoR: B 9.5/12 BITC BStone BSerif B Medium Bbp BAptara® BInc., BYork, B4ennsplvannia
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B exteRssoR Bof B the Bcopyrsght B page.
Library Bof BCongress BCataloging-in-Publication BData
Lucas, BStephen, B1946—
The Bart Bof B public Bspeaking B/ BStephen BLucas. B– B10th B ed.
p. Bcm.
Includes Bbibliographical Breferences Band
Bindex.BISBN-13: B 978-0-07-338S1S-0 B(alk.
Bpaper) BISBN-10: B0-07-338S1S-8 B(alk.
Bpaper)
1. B Public B speaking. B I.
B Title.BPN4129.1S.L83
B2008 B808.S'1–dc22
2008036093
The BInternet Baddresses Blisted Bin Bthe Btext Bwere Baccurate Bat Bthe Btime Bof Bpublication. BThe Binclusion Bof
Ba BWeb Bsite Bdoes Bnot Bindicate Ban Bendorsement Bby Bthe Bauthors Bor BMcGraw-Hill, Band BMcGraw-Hill
Bdoes Bnot Bguarantee Bthe Baccuracy Bof Bthe Binformation Bpresented Bat Bthese Bsites.
www.mhhe.com
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tepheR B E. B Lucas B ss B Professor B of B Co11uRscatsoR B Arts B aRd
B Evjue- BBasco1 B B BProfessor B B BsR B B Bthe B B BHu1aRstses B B Bat B B Bthe
B B BURsverssty B B Bof BWsscoRssR-MadssoR, Bwhere Bhe Bhas Btaught
BssRce B1972. BHe Brecesved
hss B bachelor's B degree Bfro1 B the B URsverssty Bof BCalsforRsa, B SaRta
B Barbara, BaRd Bhss B1aster's BaRd Bdoctorate Bdegrees Bfro1 BPeRR BState
BURsverssty.
Professor BLucas Bhas BbeeR BrecogRszed Bfor Bhss Bwork Bas Bboth Ba
Bscholar BaRd Ba Bteacher. BHss Bfsrst Bbook, B4ortents Bof BRebellion: BRketoric
Band BRevolution Bin B4kiladelpkia, B1765–1776, Brecesved Bthe BGoldeR
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BAssocsatsoR BsR B1977 BaRd Bwas B Ro1sRated B for B a B Pulstzer B Prsze.
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Bof B BIRdepeRdeRce" B(1990), BaRd B"The BRhetorscal BARcestry Bof Bthe
BDeclaratsoR Bof BIRdepeR- BdeRce" B(1998), Bfor Bwhsch Bhe Brecesved
Bthe BGoldeR BARRsversary BMoRo- Bgraph B Award B of B the B NatsoRal
B Co11uRscatsoR B AssocsatsoR. B Hss B 1ost BreceRt Bbook Bss BWords Bof
Ba BCenturp: BTke BTop B100 BAmerican BSpeeckes, B1900–1999 B (2009).
Professor B Lucas B Bhas B Brecesved B a B BRu1ber B of B BteachsRg B Bawards, B
BsRcludsRg B Bthe BChaRcellor's B Award B for B ExcelleRce B sR B TeachsRg B at B the
B URsverssty B of B WsscoRssR BaRd Bthe BNatsoRal B Co11uRscatsoR BAssocsatsoR's
BDoRald BEcroyd B Award Bfor B Out- BstaRdsRg BTeachsRg BsR BHsgher BEducatsoR.
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Ba1oRg Bthe B1ost Bpopular BoR Bca1pus BaRd Bhas Btwsce B beeR B selected B for
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Bat Bthe BURsverssty Bof BWsscoRssR-MadssoR BssRce B1973. BOver Bthe Byears Bhe
Bhas BbeeR BrespoRssble Bfor BRu1erous BteachsRg BsRRovatsoRs BaRd Bhas
Bsupervssed Bthe BtrasRsRg Bof BhuRdreds Bof Bgraduate BasssstaRts. BIR BaddstsoR Bto
BpartscspatsRg BsR Bpublsc Bspeak- BsRg Bworkshops BaRd Bcolloqusa Bat Bschools
Bthroughout Bthe BURsted BStates, Bhe Bhas Bserved Bas Ba Bjudge Bfor Bthe B1ajor
BRatsoRal BERglssh-laRguage Bpublsc BspeaksRg Bco1- BpetstsoRs B BsR B BChsRa, B Bhas B
Blectured B Bat B BRu1erous B BChsRese B BuRsversstses, B BaRd B Bhas BcoRducted
B workshops B for B ChsRese B sRstructors B oR B teachsRg B publsc B speaksRg.
StepheR BLucas BaRd Bhss Bwsfe, BPatty, Blsve BsR BMadssoR, BWsscoRssR, BaRd Bhave
Btwo BsoRs, B Jeff B aRd B RyaR. B Hss B sRterests B sRclude Btravel, B sports, B art, B aRd
B photography.
PublicSp9aRing B
TENTH BEDITION
STEPHEN E. LUCAS B B
UniversiXy of Wisconsin—Madison
B B
Boston Burr BRidge, BIL Dubuque, B IA Madison, BWI BNew BYork BSan BFrancisco BSt. BLouis
BBangkok B B B B Bogotá Caracas B B B B Kuala BLumpur Lisbon London Madrid B B
B Mexico BCity BMilan Montreal B B B BNew BDelhi Santiago Seoul Singapore B B B
B Sydney Taipei Toronto
,Publsshed Bby BMcGraw-Hsll, BaR Bs1prsRt Bof BThe BMcGraw-Hsll BCo1paRses, BIRc., B1221
BAveRue Bof Bthe BA1erscas, BNew BYork, BNY B10020. BCopyrsght B© B2009. BAll Brsghts
Breserved. BNo Bpart Bof Bthss BpublscatsoR B1ay Bbe Breproduced Bor Bdsstrsbuted BsR BaRy Bfor1
Bor Bby BaRy B1eaRs, Bor Bstored BsR Ba
database Bor Bretrseval Bsyste1, Bwsthout Bthe Bprior BwrstteR BcoRseRt Bof BThe BMcGraw-Hsll
BCo1paRses, BIRc., BsRcludsRg, Bbut BRot Bls1sted Bto, BsR BaRy BRetwork Bor Bother BelectroRsc
Bstorage Bor BtraRs1ssssoR, Bor Bbroadcast Bfor BdsstaRce BlearRsRg.
Thss B book B ss B prsRted B oR B acsd-free
B paper.B1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 B 9 B 0 B QPD B/
BQPD B0 B 9 B 8
ISBN: B978-0-07-338515-0 B(StudeRt
BEdstsoR)BMHID: B0-07-338515-8
ISBN: B978-0-07-726223-5 B(IRstructor's
B EdstsoR) BMHID: B0-07-726223-9
Vsce BPressdeRt BaRd BEdstor BsR BChsef: B Mickael BRpan
Publssher: BFrank BMortimer
Executsve B Edstor: BKatie B Stevens
Executsve B MarketsRg BMaRager: B Leslie
BOberkuber BDsrector B of B Develop1eRt: B Rkona
B Robbin BEdstorsal BAsssstaRt: B Erika B Lake
ProductsoR BEdstor: BBrett BCoker
MaRuscrspt BEdstor: BMargaret BMoore
BDessgR BMaRager: BLaurie BEntringer
BIRtersor BDessgRer: B Maureen
BMcCutckeon BPhoto B Edstor: B Natalia
B 4esckiera
Photo BResearcher: BBarbara BSalz
BProductsoR BSupervssor: B Rickard
B DeVitto BDsgstal B Project B MaRager:
B Sarak B Hegartp BMedsa BProject
BMaRager: BRon BNelms BSupple1eRts
B Producer: B Louis B Swaim
Co1posstsoR: B 9.5/12 BITC BStone BSerif B Medium Bbp BAptara® BInc., BYork, B4ennsplvannia
PrsRtsRg: B 45# BNew BEra BMatte B 4lus B bp B R.R. B Donnellep B ð B Sons
Credsts: B The B credsts B sectsoR B for B thss B book B begsRs B oR B page B C-1 B aRd B ss B coRssdered B aR
B exteRssoR Bof B the Bcopyrsght B page.
Library Bof BCongress BCataloging-in-Publication BData
Lucas, BStephen, B1946—
The Bart Bof B public Bspeaking B/ BStephen BLucas. B– B10th B ed.
p. Bcm.
Includes Bbibliographical Breferences Band
Bindex.BISBN-13: B 978-0-07-338S1S-0 B(alk.
Bpaper) BISBN-10: B0-07-338S1S-8 B(alk.
Bpaper)
1. B Public B speaking. B I.
B Title.BPN4129.1S.L83
B2008 B808.S'1–dc22
2008036093
The BInternet Baddresses Blisted Bin Bthe Btext Bwere Baccurate Bat Bthe Btime Bof Bpublication. BThe Binclusion Bof
Ba BWeb Bsite Bdoes Bnot Bindicate Ban Bendorsement Bby Bthe Bauthors Bor BMcGraw-Hill, Band BMcGraw-Hill
Bdoes Bnot Bguarantee Bthe Baccuracy Bof Bthe Binformation Bpresented Bat Bthese Bsites.
www.mhhe.com
, B About th9 Author B B
S
tepheR B E. B Lucas B ss B Professor B of B Co11uRscatsoR B Arts B aRd
B Evjue- BBasco1 B B BProfessor B B BsR B B Bthe B B BHu1aRstses B B Bat B B Bthe
B B BURsverssty B B Bof BWsscoRssR-MadssoR, Bwhere Bhe Bhas Btaught
BssRce B1972. BHe Brecesved
hss B bachelor's B degree Bfro1 B the B URsverssty Bof BCalsforRsa, B SaRta
B Barbara, BaRd Bhss B1aster's BaRd Bdoctorate Bdegrees Bfro1 BPeRR BState
BURsverssty.
Professor BLucas Bhas BbeeR BrecogRszed Bfor Bhss Bwork Bas Bboth Ba
Bscholar BaRd Ba Bteacher. BHss Bfsrst Bbook, B4ortents Bof BRebellion: BRketoric
Band BRevolution Bin B4kiladelpkia, B1765–1776, Brecesved Bthe BGoldeR
BARRsver- Bsary BAward Bof Bthe BNatsoRal BCo11uRscatsoR
BAssocsatsoR BsR B1977 BaRd Bwas B Ro1sRated B for B a B Pulstzer B Prsze.
B Hss B 1ajor B artscles B sRclude B "The
Schss1 B BBsR B BBRhetorscal B BBScholarshsp" B BB(1981), B BB"The B B BReRasssaRce B BBof
A1erscaR B Publsc B Address: B Text B aRd B CoRtext B sR B Rhetorscal
B Crstscss1" B(1988), B "The B BStylsstsc B BArtsstry B Bof B Bthe B BDeclaratsoR B
Bof B BIRdepeRdeRce" B(1990), BaRd B"The BRhetorscal BARcestry Bof Bthe
BDeclaratsoR Bof BIRdepeR- BdeRce" B(1998), Bfor Bwhsch Bhe Brecesved
Bthe BGoldeR BARRsversary BMoRo- Bgraph B Award B of B the B NatsoRal
B Co11uRscatsoR B AssocsatsoR. B Hss B 1ost BreceRt Bbook Bss BWords Bof
Ba BCenturp: BTke BTop B100 BAmerican BSpeeckes, B1900–1999 B (2009).
Professor B Lucas B Bhas B Brecesved B a B BRu1ber B of B BteachsRg B Bawards, B
BsRcludsRg B Bthe BChaRcellor's B Award B for B ExcelleRce B sR B TeachsRg B at B the
B URsverssty B of B WsscoRssR BaRd Bthe BNatsoRal B Co11uRscatsoR BAssocsatsoR's
BDoRald BEcroyd B Award Bfor B Out- BstaRdsRg BTeachsRg BsR BHsgher BEducatsoR.
BHss Blecture Bcourse BoR B"The BRhetorsc Bof BCa1pasgRs BaRd BRevolutsoRs" Bss
Ba1oRg Bthe B1ost Bpopular BoR Bca1pus BaRd Bhas Btwsce B beeR B selected B for
B statewsde B broadcast B sR B sts B eRtsrety B by B WsscoRssR B Publsc BRadso. BProfessor
BLucas Bss Bfeatured BsR Bthe BEducatsoRal BVsdeo BGroup's Bprogra1 BoR Bthe B
Bhsstory B Bof B BA1erscaR B publsc B Baddress, B BaRd B Bhe B Bhas B Bappeared B BoR B the B
BHsstory BChaRRel's B docu1eRtary B oR B the B DeclaratsoR B of B IRdepeRdeRce.
Professor BLucas Bhas Bdsrected Bthe BsRtroductory Bpublsc BspeaksRg Bcourse
Bat Bthe BURsverssty Bof BWsscoRssR-MadssoR BssRce B1973. BOver Bthe Byears Bhe
Bhas BbeeR BrespoRssble Bfor BRu1erous BteachsRg BsRRovatsoRs BaRd Bhas
Bsupervssed Bthe BtrasRsRg Bof BhuRdreds Bof Bgraduate BasssstaRts. BIR BaddstsoR Bto
BpartscspatsRg BsR Bpublsc Bspeak- BsRg Bworkshops BaRd Bcolloqusa Bat Bschools
Bthroughout Bthe BURsted BStates, Bhe Bhas Bserved Bas Ba Bjudge Bfor Bthe B1ajor
BRatsoRal BERglssh-laRguage Bpublsc BspeaksRg Bco1- BpetstsoRs B BsR B BChsRa, B Bhas B
Blectured B Bat B BRu1erous B BChsRese B BuRsversstses, B BaRd B Bhas BcoRducted
B workshops B for B ChsRese B sRstructors B oR B teachsRg B publsc B speaksRg.
StepheR BLucas BaRd Bhss Bwsfe, BPatty, Blsve BsR BMadssoR, BWsscoRssR, BaRd Bhave
Btwo BsoRs, B Jeff B aRd B RyaR. B Hss B sRterests B sRclude Btravel, B sports, B art, B aRd
B photography.
