HES 202 EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
UPDATE
What are the 3 key factors in determining fuel utilization during exercise
Intensity, Duration, Availability
Characteristics of type 1 muscle fibers
Slow twitch, fatigue resistant, more mitochondria, more capillaries to deliver o2, small
motor, aerobic
Characteristics of type 2 muscle fibers
fast twitch, fatigue quicker, greater force, Anaerobic, less mitochondria
What is EPOC
Excessive post oxygen consumption, still circling fight to flight, resupply oxygen,
glucose, restore phosphocreatine system
what is RER
carbs vs. fats. Ratio between carbon dioxide and oxygen
What is oxygen deficit?
rest to exercise, increases in exercise intensity, anaerobic used till aerobic comes to
new steady state
lactate threshold
intensity at which blood lactic acid rises sharply during incremental exercise
possible from low muscle oxygen (hypoixa)
accerlated gylcosis, recritumenmt of fast twicth muscles fibers
What is VO2 max?
oxygen uptake increases linearly until maximal o2 uptake
Size principle
motor units will be recruited in order of size from smallest to largest depending upon the
intensity
all-or-none principle
contraction of all the muscle fibers in a motor unit or no concentration of muscle fibers in
a Motor unit
Storage form of carbs
glycogen
what are micronutrients
vitamins, minerals, trace elements
regulation of metabolism
What are macronutrients?
water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
energy production
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Describe skeletal muscle
Voluntary
• Long cylindrical cells,striated, multinucleated•
, Functions• Movement• Support, posture, & stability• Respiration• Circulation•
Propulsion, Digestion &Elimination• Thermoregulation
Describe cardiac muscle
Involuntary•
Branching network of interconnected cells•
Function: generate force -> pump blood•
Location: heart
Describe smooth muscle
Involuntary•
Spindle-shaped cells•
Functions:constriction, dilation,propulsion•
Locations:• Blood vessel lining• Respiratory tract• GI tract• Urinary tract
supination vs pronation
supination: palm up
pronation: palm down
cross bridge cycling
myosin head attaches to actin binding site
- pulls thin filament
- ADP and phosphate released from myosin
- linkage between actin and myosin break
- ATP splits
- goes back to original position
Maximal Isometric Contraction
Strength of actin-myosin cross-bridgesdoes not exceed load, therefore nomovement
Submaximal Isometric Contraction
Agonist and antagonist muscles bothcontract to maintain joint position,and there is no
joint movement
muscle that is not the prime mover but assists in action
synergits
proximal attachment of the muscle/ tendon to bone
origin
muscle that is the prime mover
agonists
distal attachment of the muscle/tendon to bone
insertion
muscle that opposes the primary action
antagonist
Lab vs Field research
based on where the research is being conducted
lab- Allows invasive experimental protocols
Control of environmental conditions
field- real world enviorment
More directly applicable to real-worldenvironment
Basic vs. Applied Research
UPDATE
What are the 3 key factors in determining fuel utilization during exercise
Intensity, Duration, Availability
Characteristics of type 1 muscle fibers
Slow twitch, fatigue resistant, more mitochondria, more capillaries to deliver o2, small
motor, aerobic
Characteristics of type 2 muscle fibers
fast twitch, fatigue quicker, greater force, Anaerobic, less mitochondria
What is EPOC
Excessive post oxygen consumption, still circling fight to flight, resupply oxygen,
glucose, restore phosphocreatine system
what is RER
carbs vs. fats. Ratio between carbon dioxide and oxygen
What is oxygen deficit?
rest to exercise, increases in exercise intensity, anaerobic used till aerobic comes to
new steady state
lactate threshold
intensity at which blood lactic acid rises sharply during incremental exercise
possible from low muscle oxygen (hypoixa)
accerlated gylcosis, recritumenmt of fast twicth muscles fibers
What is VO2 max?
oxygen uptake increases linearly until maximal o2 uptake
Size principle
motor units will be recruited in order of size from smallest to largest depending upon the
intensity
all-or-none principle
contraction of all the muscle fibers in a motor unit or no concentration of muscle fibers in
a Motor unit
Storage form of carbs
glycogen
what are micronutrients
vitamins, minerals, trace elements
regulation of metabolism
What are macronutrients?
water, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
energy production
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
Describe skeletal muscle
Voluntary
• Long cylindrical cells,striated, multinucleated•
, Functions• Movement• Support, posture, & stability• Respiration• Circulation•
Propulsion, Digestion &Elimination• Thermoregulation
Describe cardiac muscle
Involuntary•
Branching network of interconnected cells•
Function: generate force -> pump blood•
Location: heart
Describe smooth muscle
Involuntary•
Spindle-shaped cells•
Functions:constriction, dilation,propulsion•
Locations:• Blood vessel lining• Respiratory tract• GI tract• Urinary tract
supination vs pronation
supination: palm up
pronation: palm down
cross bridge cycling
myosin head attaches to actin binding site
- pulls thin filament
- ADP and phosphate released from myosin
- linkage between actin and myosin break
- ATP splits
- goes back to original position
Maximal Isometric Contraction
Strength of actin-myosin cross-bridgesdoes not exceed load, therefore nomovement
Submaximal Isometric Contraction
Agonist and antagonist muscles bothcontract to maintain joint position,and there is no
joint movement
muscle that is not the prime mover but assists in action
synergits
proximal attachment of the muscle/ tendon to bone
origin
muscle that is the prime mover
agonists
distal attachment of the muscle/tendon to bone
insertion
muscle that opposes the primary action
antagonist
Lab vs Field research
based on where the research is being conducted
lab- Allows invasive experimental protocols
Control of environmental conditions
field- real world enviorment
More directly applicable to real-worldenvironment
Basic vs. Applied Research
