PSYCHOLOGY 1100 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Plato
Nativism- certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn
Aristotle
Empiricism- all knowledge is gained through experience
Franz Joseph Gall
phrenology: specific mental abilities and characteristics are localized in specific regions
of the brain (disproved)
Hermann von Helmholtz
structuralism: studied human reaction time; estimated the length of nerve impulse
Wilhelm Wundt
structuralism - the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind. An attempt to
break down the mind into elemental emotions and sensations, focus on consciousness.
Also made use of introspection - the subjective observation of one's own experiences.
William James
founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our
environment
John B. Watson
behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given
situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat
Ivan Pavlov
discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell
B.F. Skinner
operant conditioning-a type of learning in which the consequences of an organism
behavior determines whether that behavior will be repeated in the future.
the major divisions of the brain
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
hindbrain
an area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord.
controls the most basic functions of life: respiration, alertness, and motor skills. The
structures that make up the hindbrain include: the medulla, the reticular formation, the
cerebellum, and the pons
medulla
an extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation, and
respiration.
reticular formation
regulates sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal
cerebellum
controls fine motor skills
pons
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Plato
Nativism- certain kinds of knowledge are innate or inborn
Aristotle
Empiricism- all knowledge is gained through experience
Franz Joseph Gall
phrenology: specific mental abilities and characteristics are localized in specific regions
of the brain (disproved)
Hermann von Helmholtz
structuralism: studied human reaction time; estimated the length of nerve impulse
Wilhelm Wundt
structuralism - the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind. An attempt to
break down the mind into elemental emotions and sensations, focus on consciousness.
Also made use of introspection - the subjective observation of one's own experiences.
William James
founder of functionalism; studied how humans use perception to function in our
environment
John B. Watson
behaviorism; emphasis on external behaviors of people and their reactions on a given
situation; famous for Little Albert study in which baby was taught to fear a white rat
Ivan Pavlov
discovered classical conditioning; trained dogs to salivate at the ringing of a bell
B.F. Skinner
operant conditioning-a type of learning in which the consequences of an organism
behavior determines whether that behavior will be repeated in the future.
the major divisions of the brain
forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
hindbrain
an area of the brain that coordinates information coming into and out of the spinal cord.
controls the most basic functions of life: respiration, alertness, and motor skills. The
structures that make up the hindbrain include: the medulla, the reticular formation, the
cerebellum, and the pons
medulla
an extension of the spinal cord into the skull that coordinates heart rate, circulation, and
respiration.
reticular formation
regulates sleep, wakefulness, and levels of arousal
cerebellum
controls fine motor skills
pons
