PSYCHOLOGY 1100 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Psychotherapy
Treatment to improve symptoms of psychological disorder through conversation
between the therapist and the client. Can be Brief Therapy, Group Therapy, Family
Therapy, Couples Therapy, and Online Therapy
Psychiatrist
M.D. or D.O. degree, four years medical school, 3-4 years residency, can prescribe
medications
Psychologist
Ph.D. or Psy.D. degree, 5-6 years graduate, 1 year internship, cannot prescribe
medications
Ph.D.
More emphasis on clinical research, graduate education is typically paid for, careers in
research, clinical work, academia
Psy.D.
Little emphasis on research, more on clinical work. Graduate education is rarely paid for
Behavioral Therapy
Applying classical and operant conditioning to improve symptoms of psychological
disorders. Ex: Behavior Modification, Exposure Therapy, Behavioral Activation
Behavior Modification
Increase adaptive behaviors, decrease maladaptive behaviors. Think operant
conditioning
Exposure Therapy
Create a fier hierarchy, think classical conditioning. Involves confronting an emotion-
arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the
emotional response
Cognitive Therapy
A form of psychotherapy that involves helping a client identify and correct any distorted
thinking about self, others, or the world. Ex: Cognitive Restructuring, Cognitive
Distortions
Cognitive Restructuring
A therapeutic approach that teaches clients to deal with a challenging situation by
identifying emotions, automatic thoughts, evaluating whether they are realistic, and
replacing with more accurate thoughts
Cognitive Distortions
Distorted ways to thinking that are common to patients suffering from depression
Mindfulness Meditation
A form of cognitive therapy that teaches an individual to be fully present in each
moment, aware of his/her thoughts, feelings, and sensations, and to detect symptoms
before they become a problem
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
A blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic techniques. Thoughts, behaviors, and
emotions are all connected. Focus on changing both thoughts and behaviors.
, Biopsychosocial Approach
Integrated approach that combines treatments to address the biological, personal, and
social underpinnings of psychological disorders. Eclectic, may use various techniques
depending on the client
Medication
Most common medical approach to treating psychological disorders. Work on multiple
neurotransmitters by altering them
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
A treatment that involves inducing a mild seizure in anesthetized patient through
electrodes delivering electricity to the head. Patients are unconscious while a shock is
applied to scalp, used to treat severe depression and mania (only in extreme cases),
memory loss is a common side effect
Psychosurgery
Surgical destruction of specific brain areas. Patients suffering from treatment-resistant
OCD may benefit from psychosurgery
Deep Brain Stimulation
Electrical stimulation applied through surgically implanted electrodes. Used to treat
severe, treatment-resistant depression
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
A treatment that involves placing a pulsed magnet over a person's scalp, which alters
neuronal activity in the brain. Minimal side effects compared to ECT, involves
stimulation of the prefrontal cortex
Neurofeedback
Teaches patients to keep brain activity within a certain range. Not strong evidence to
support its use
Autism Spectrum Disorder Treatment
Medication: none treat core symptoms but many are prescribed to kids.
Psychotherapy: Applied Behavior Analysis, based on operant conditioning, positive
effects for language, IQ, and daily living
ADHD Treatment
Medication: Stimulant medications, improve "planned, thoughtful behavior"
(improvements are short term with meds alone)
Psychotherapy: Difficult to coordinate among contexts (school, home, etc.)
Schizophrenia Treatment
Medication: Anti-psychtoic meds (side effects are weight gain and tardive dyskinesia
(difficulty moving the mouth)
Psychotherapy: Social skills training and psychoeducation
Bipolar Treatment
Medication: Lithium (side effects are nausea, vomiting, muscle tremor coma, and
seizures), and Omega-3 supplements
Psychotherapy: Coping skills and treatment adherence
Depression Treatment
Medication: Anti-depressant meds, SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
Psychotherapy: CBT, more effective long-term, exercise and mindfulness based
cognitive therapy, effective for treatment resistant patients
Anxiety Treatment
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
Psychotherapy
Treatment to improve symptoms of psychological disorder through conversation
between the therapist and the client. Can be Brief Therapy, Group Therapy, Family
Therapy, Couples Therapy, and Online Therapy
Psychiatrist
M.D. or D.O. degree, four years medical school, 3-4 years residency, can prescribe
medications
Psychologist
Ph.D. or Psy.D. degree, 5-6 years graduate, 1 year internship, cannot prescribe
medications
Ph.D.
More emphasis on clinical research, graduate education is typically paid for, careers in
research, clinical work, academia
Psy.D.
Little emphasis on research, more on clinical work. Graduate education is rarely paid for
Behavioral Therapy
Applying classical and operant conditioning to improve symptoms of psychological
disorders. Ex: Behavior Modification, Exposure Therapy, Behavioral Activation
Behavior Modification
Increase adaptive behaviors, decrease maladaptive behaviors. Think operant
conditioning
Exposure Therapy
Create a fier hierarchy, think classical conditioning. Involves confronting an emotion-
arousing stimulus directly and repeatedly, ultimately leading to a decrease in the
emotional response
Cognitive Therapy
A form of psychotherapy that involves helping a client identify and correct any distorted
thinking about self, others, or the world. Ex: Cognitive Restructuring, Cognitive
Distortions
Cognitive Restructuring
A therapeutic approach that teaches clients to deal with a challenging situation by
identifying emotions, automatic thoughts, evaluating whether they are realistic, and
replacing with more accurate thoughts
Cognitive Distortions
Distorted ways to thinking that are common to patients suffering from depression
Mindfulness Meditation
A form of cognitive therapy that teaches an individual to be fully present in each
moment, aware of his/her thoughts, feelings, and sensations, and to detect symptoms
before they become a problem
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
A blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic techniques. Thoughts, behaviors, and
emotions are all connected. Focus on changing both thoughts and behaviors.
, Biopsychosocial Approach
Integrated approach that combines treatments to address the biological, personal, and
social underpinnings of psychological disorders. Eclectic, may use various techniques
depending on the client
Medication
Most common medical approach to treating psychological disorders. Work on multiple
neurotransmitters by altering them
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
A treatment that involves inducing a mild seizure in anesthetized patient through
electrodes delivering electricity to the head. Patients are unconscious while a shock is
applied to scalp, used to treat severe depression and mania (only in extreme cases),
memory loss is a common side effect
Psychosurgery
Surgical destruction of specific brain areas. Patients suffering from treatment-resistant
OCD may benefit from psychosurgery
Deep Brain Stimulation
Electrical stimulation applied through surgically implanted electrodes. Used to treat
severe, treatment-resistant depression
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
A treatment that involves placing a pulsed magnet over a person's scalp, which alters
neuronal activity in the brain. Minimal side effects compared to ECT, involves
stimulation of the prefrontal cortex
Neurofeedback
Teaches patients to keep brain activity within a certain range. Not strong evidence to
support its use
Autism Spectrum Disorder Treatment
Medication: none treat core symptoms but many are prescribed to kids.
Psychotherapy: Applied Behavior Analysis, based on operant conditioning, positive
effects for language, IQ, and daily living
ADHD Treatment
Medication: Stimulant medications, improve "planned, thoughtful behavior"
(improvements are short term with meds alone)
Psychotherapy: Difficult to coordinate among contexts (school, home, etc.)
Schizophrenia Treatment
Medication: Anti-psychtoic meds (side effects are weight gain and tardive dyskinesia
(difficulty moving the mouth)
Psychotherapy: Social skills training and psychoeducation
Bipolar Treatment
Medication: Lithium (side effects are nausea, vomiting, muscle tremor coma, and
seizures), and Omega-3 supplements
Psychotherapy: Coping skills and treatment adherence
Depression Treatment
Medication: Anti-depressant meds, SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)
Psychotherapy: CBT, more effective long-term, exercise and mindfulness based
cognitive therapy, effective for treatment resistant patients
Anxiety Treatment
