PSYCHOLOGY 1100 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
What are the 8 periods of development?
1. prenatal (Conception to birth)
2. infancy (birth to 3)
3. early childhood (3 to 6)
4. middle and late childhood (6 to 11)
5. adolescence (11 to 20)
6. early adulthood (20 to 40)
7. middle adulthood (40 to 65)
8. late adulthood (65 and over)
3 domains of how people change?
1. Physical/Biological
2. Cognitive
3. Psychosocial/Emotional
4 main goals of studying development?
1. Describe
2. Explain
3. Predict
4. Intervene
Nature vs. Nurture?
Heredity vs. Environment
What are Normative influence examples? (Age graded & History graded)
Age graded ex. puberty
History graded ex. war
What are Non-Normative influence example?
Atypical timing of normal events, Atypical events at any time.
What are the 6 stages of the scientific method?
1. Identify
2. Hypotheses
3. Collect Data
4. Analyze Data
5. Conclusions
6. Share Findings
When research deals with objectively measurable data, this is a description of
____________ research
Quantitative
Validity and Reliability
Reliable: test measures what it should.
Validity: same scores on a retest.
What is the combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional research called?
Sequential
cross-sectional study
, people of different ages are compared with one another
longitudinal study
a study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of
time
sequential study
study that examines groups of individuals of different ages over a period of time.
What are 2 ways to chose your Sample?
1. Convenience selection
2. Random Selection
What are the 5 theoretical perspectives in development?
1. Psychoanalytic
2. Learning
3. Cognitive
4. Contextual
5. Evolutionary
2 types of Psychoanalytical?
1. Psychosexual development
2. Psychosocial development
2 types of learning perspectives?
1. Behaviorism (emphasizes the predictable role of environment in behavior) ex. dog &
bell study
2. Social Learning (thought process are central to development)
Explain the difference between Mechanistic and Organismic theories
Active (Organismic or qualitative)
Reactive (Mechanistic or quantitative)
Explain the difference between Continuous and discontinuous theories
Continuous (gradual/continuous process)
Discontinuous (series of distinct stages)
Which of the 9 theories/theorists we discussed fit under each perspective? why
Bioecological - Uri Brofenbrenner (talks about individual, micro, meso, exo, macro, and
chrono systems.
What are the 3 stages of Prenatal development?
Germinal (0-2 weeks)
Embryonic (3-8 weeks)
Fetal (9 weeks-birth)
Define embryo, fetus, zygote, and monozygotic
Embryo: Second stage in gestation
Fetus: Final stage of gestation
Zygote: One-celled organism resulting from fertilization
Monozygotic: division of a single zygote after fertilization
What is epigenesis/epigenetics?
Genes are turned off or on as they are needed by the developing body or when
triggered by the environment. way a cell "reads" DNA
What is an example of a non shared environment?
Teachers, Treatment/expectations/interactions, or friends.
What are the 3 factors in Bandura's theory of Triadic Reciprocal Determinism?
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE
What are the 8 periods of development?
1. prenatal (Conception to birth)
2. infancy (birth to 3)
3. early childhood (3 to 6)
4. middle and late childhood (6 to 11)
5. adolescence (11 to 20)
6. early adulthood (20 to 40)
7. middle adulthood (40 to 65)
8. late adulthood (65 and over)
3 domains of how people change?
1. Physical/Biological
2. Cognitive
3. Psychosocial/Emotional
4 main goals of studying development?
1. Describe
2. Explain
3. Predict
4. Intervene
Nature vs. Nurture?
Heredity vs. Environment
What are Normative influence examples? (Age graded & History graded)
Age graded ex. puberty
History graded ex. war
What are Non-Normative influence example?
Atypical timing of normal events, Atypical events at any time.
What are the 6 stages of the scientific method?
1. Identify
2. Hypotheses
3. Collect Data
4. Analyze Data
5. Conclusions
6. Share Findings
When research deals with objectively measurable data, this is a description of
____________ research
Quantitative
Validity and Reliability
Reliable: test measures what it should.
Validity: same scores on a retest.
What is the combination of longitudinal and cross-sectional research called?
Sequential
cross-sectional study
, people of different ages are compared with one another
longitudinal study
a study that observes the same participants on many occasions over a long period of
time
sequential study
study that examines groups of individuals of different ages over a period of time.
What are 2 ways to chose your Sample?
1. Convenience selection
2. Random Selection
What are the 5 theoretical perspectives in development?
1. Psychoanalytic
2. Learning
3. Cognitive
4. Contextual
5. Evolutionary
2 types of Psychoanalytical?
1. Psychosexual development
2. Psychosocial development
2 types of learning perspectives?
1. Behaviorism (emphasizes the predictable role of environment in behavior) ex. dog &
bell study
2. Social Learning (thought process are central to development)
Explain the difference between Mechanistic and Organismic theories
Active (Organismic or qualitative)
Reactive (Mechanistic or quantitative)
Explain the difference between Continuous and discontinuous theories
Continuous (gradual/continuous process)
Discontinuous (series of distinct stages)
Which of the 9 theories/theorists we discussed fit under each perspective? why
Bioecological - Uri Brofenbrenner (talks about individual, micro, meso, exo, macro, and
chrono systems.
What are the 3 stages of Prenatal development?
Germinal (0-2 weeks)
Embryonic (3-8 weeks)
Fetal (9 weeks-birth)
Define embryo, fetus, zygote, and monozygotic
Embryo: Second stage in gestation
Fetus: Final stage of gestation
Zygote: One-celled organism resulting from fertilization
Monozygotic: division of a single zygote after fertilization
What is epigenesis/epigenetics?
Genes are turned off or on as they are needed by the developing body or when
triggered by the environment. way a cell "reads" DNA
What is an example of a non shared environment?
Teachers, Treatment/expectations/interactions, or friends.
What are the 3 factors in Bandura's theory of Triadic Reciprocal Determinism?
