Instructor Manual (Lecture Notes Only) With Test Bank for An Introduction to Theories of Personality 8th Edition By Matthew Olson Hergenhahn (All Chapters, 100 Original Verified, A+ Grade) 3

Introduction

,Personality
▶ a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteri
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stics that give both consistency and individualityto a person's
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behavior
▶ Traits contribute to individual differences in behavior,co
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nsistency of behavior over time, and stability of behavior
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across situations
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▶ Traits maybe unique, common to some group, or shared bythe
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entire species, but their pattern is different for each individu
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al. Thus each person has a unique personality
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▶ Characteristics are unique qualities of an individual thatinclud
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e such attributes as temperament, physique, and intelligence
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,▶
A scientific theory is a set of related assumptions that allows a scien
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tist to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testablehypothe
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ses
▶ EXPLANATION:

A theory is a set of assumptions. A single assumption can never fill therequire
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ments of an adequate theory
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▶
A theory is a set of related assumptions. Isolated assumptions caneither
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generate meaningful hypotheses or possess internal consistency.
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▶
The definition of assumptions. The components of a theory are not
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proven facts in the sense that their validity has been absolutelyestablishe
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d. They are, however, accepted as if they were true.
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, ▶ Logical deductive reasoning is used by the researcher toformul
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ate hypothesis. b




▶ The tenets of a theory must be stated with sufficient preci
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sion and logical consistency to permit scientist todeduce
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clearly stated hypotheses. b b




▶ It is the job of an imaginative scientist to begin with the gene
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ral theory and, through deductive reasoning, arriveat a part
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icular hypothesis that can be tested.
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▶ Testable. Unless a hypothesis can be tested in some way,
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it is worthless.
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