FINALhNURSINGhRESERCHh TESTBANK
CHAPTERh1
1. Whichhofhthehfollowinghgroupshwouldhbehbesthservedhbyhthehdevelopmenth ofhahscientifichbaseh
forh nursingh practice?
A) Nursingh administrators
B) Practicingh nurses
C) Nurses'hclients
D) Healthhcarehpolicymakers
Ans:hChFe
edback:
Nursingh researchhishsystematich inquiryh designedh tohdevelophtrustworthyh evidenceh abouthis
suesh ofhimportanceh tohnursesh andhtheirh clients.h Nursehleadersh recognizeh theh needhtohbasehspe
cifichnursinghdecisionshonhevidencehindicatinghthaththehdecisionsharehclinicallyhappropriate,h
cost-
effective,handhresulthinhpositivehclienthoutcomes.hAlthoughhallhofhthehpeoplehlistedhwouldhb
enefithfromhthehdevelopmenth ofhahscientifich basehforhnursinghpractice,hultimatelyhithishthehcli
entshthemselvesh whohwouldh mosthbenefit,h ashtheyh wouldhthenh receiveh theh mosth appropriat
eh andh mosth effectiveh care.
2. Anhespeciallyh importanth goalhforh theh nursingh professionh ishtoh dohwhichh ofhtheh following?
A) Conducth researchh tohbetterh understandh theh contexth ofhnursingh practice
B) Establishh ahsolidh baseh ofhevidenceh forh practiceh throughh disciplinedh research
C) Documenth thehrolehnursingh serveshinhsociety
D) Establishh researchhpriorities
Ans:hBhFe
edback:
Nursesharehincreasinglyhexpectedhtohunderstandhandhundertakehresearchhandhtohbasehtheirhpra
cticehonhevidencehfromhresearch.hEvidence-
basedhpracticehishthehusehofhthehbesthevidenceh inhmakingh patienth carehdecisionsh andhtypicall
yh comeshfromhresearchhconductedhbyhnursesh andh otherhhealth-
careh professionals.h Allh ofhtheh otherh answersh arehpossibleh goalshforhtheh nursingh profession,h b
uth noneh ish ashimportanthashestablishingh evidenceh forh practice.
3. Whichh ofhtheh followinghish ahfundamentalh beliefh ofhthoseh whoh holdh tohtheh constructivisthpa
radigm?
A) Ahfixedhrealityh existsh inh natureh forh humansh tohunderstand
B) Theh natureh ofhrealityhhash changedh overh time
C) Realityh ish multiplyh constructedh andhmultiplyh interpretedh byhhumans
D) Realityh cannoth behstudiedh empirically
Ans:hChFe
edback:
Inhthehconstructivisth paradigm,h ithishassumedh thathrealityh ishnothahfixedh entityh buthishratherhah
constructionhofhhumanh minds,h andhthush“truth”h ishahcompositeh ofhmultipleh constructionshofhre
ality.h However,h constructivistsh dohbelieveh thath realityh canhbehstudiedh empirically.
Beliefhinhahfixedhrealityhthathexistshinhnaturehforhhumanshtohunderstandh wouldh behanhexample
hofhahpositivisthbelief,hnothahconstructivisthone.hThehconstructivisthbeliefhdoeshnothholdh soh much
Pageh1
,hthath theh natureh ofhrealityhhash changedhoverh timeh ashthath ith hash alwaysh beenhconstructedh byh
humanh minds.
Pageh2
,FINALhNURSINGhRESERCHh TESTBANK
4. Whichh ofhtheh followinghish ahfundamentalh beliefh ofhthoseh whoh holdh tohtheh positivisthpa
radigm?
A) Theh researcherh ish objectiveh andh independenthofhthoseh beingh studied
B) Thehresearcherhcannothinteracth withhthosehbeinghstudied
C) Thehresearcherhinstructshthosehbeinghstudiedhtohbehobjectivehinhprovidinghinf
ormation
D) Thehdistancehbetweenhthehresearcherhandhthosehbeinghresearchedh ishminimizedh tohe
nhanceh theh interactiveh process
Ans:hAhFe
edback:
Inhtheh positivisth paradigm,h ithish assumedh thath thereh ishanhobjectiveh realityh andhthath naturalhp
henomenaharehregularhandhorderly.hInhthehconstructivisthparadigm,hithishassumedh thathrealityhi
shnothahfixedh entityh buthishratherhahconstructionh ofhhumanh minds,h andhthush “truth”hish ahcomp
ositeh ofhmultiplehconstructionsh ofhreality.
5. Whichhofhthehfollowinghattributeshishleasthcharacteristichofhthehtraditionalhscientifichmet
hod?
A) Controlhoverhexternalh factors
B) Systematich measurementh andh observationh ofhnaturalh phenomena
C) Testingh ofhhunchesh deducedh fromh theoryh orhpriorh research
D) Emphasish onhahholistich viewh ofhahphenomenon,h studiedh inh ahrichh context
Ans:hDhFe
edback:
Quantitativehresearchh(associatedhwithhpositivism)hinvolvesh thehcollectionhandhanalysishof
hnumerich information.h Quantitativeh researchh ish typicallyh conductedh withinh thehtraditionalhs
cientifichmethod,hwhichhishsystematichandhcontrolled.hQuantitativehresearchersh basehtheirh
findingsh onhempiricalh evidenceh (evidenceh collectedh byhwayhofhthehhumanh senses)h andhstri
veh forh generalizabilityh beyondh ahsingleh settingh orhsituation.
Constructivisthresearchersh emphasizeh understandingh humanh experienceh ashith ishlivedhthrough
h thehcollectionh andh analysish ofhsubjective,h narrativeh materialsh usingh flexiblehprocedures;h t
hish paradigmh ish associatedh withh qualitativeh research.
6. Empiricismh refersh tohwhichh ofhthehfollowing?
A) Makingh generalizationsh fromhspecifich observations
B) Articulatingh ahstudyh purposeh inh termsh ofhanhappropriateh classificationh system
C) Gatheringh evidenceh abouthreal-worldh phenomenah throughh thehsenses
D) Verifyingh thehassumptionshonhwhichh theh studyh washbasedh
Ans:h C
Pageh3
, Feedback:
Empiricismh ishgatheringh andhanalyzingh evidenceh throughh theirh senses.hQuantitativehres
earchhinvolveshthehcollectionhandhanalysishofhnumerichinformation.hQuantitativehresearchhisht
ypicallyhconductedhwithinhthehtraditionalhscientifichmethod,hwhichhishsystematich andhco
ntrolled.h Quantitativeh researchersh basehtheirh findingsh onhempiricalhevidenceh andh striveh for
h generalizabilityh beyondh ahsinglehsettingh orhsituation.
Constructivisthresearchersh emphasizeh understandingh humanh experienceh ashith ishlivedhthrough
h thehcollectionh andh analysish ofhsubjective,h narrativeh materialsh usingh flexiblehprocedures;h t
hish paradigmh ish associatedh withh qualitativeh research.
7. Whichh ofhtheh followinghish ahhallmarkh ofhtheh scientifich method?
A) Rigorous
B) Holistic
C) Systematic
D) Flexible
Ans:hChFe
edback:
Quantitativehresearchhishtypicallyhconductedhwithinhthehtraditionalhscientifichmethod,hwh
ichhishsystematichandhcontrolled.hQuantitativehresearchershbasehtheirhfindingshonhempiricalh
evidencehandhstrivehforhgeneralizabilityhbeyondhahsinglehsettinghorhsituation.hConstructivisthre
searchershemphasizehunderstandinghhumanhexperiencehashithishlivedhthroughh thehcollection
h andhanalysish ofhsubjective,h narrativeh materialsh usingh flexiblehprocedures;h thish paradi
gmh ish associatedh withh qualitativeh research.
8. Whichh ofhtheh followinghlimitsh theh capacityh ofhtheh scientifichmethodh toh answerh questionshab
outh humans?
A) Theh necessityh ofhdepartinghfromh traditionalh beliefs
B) Theh difficultyhofhaccuratelyh measuringh complexh humanh traits
C) Theh lackh ofhfundingh forh research
D) Theh shortageh ofhtheorieshhabouthhumanhbehavior
Ans:hBhFe
edback:
Nursingh researchhfocusesh onhhumanh beings,h whoh arehinherentlyh complicatedhandhdiverse.hT
hehtraditionalhscientifichmethodhtypicallyhfocuseshonhahrelativelyhsmallhaspecthofhhumanhexperi
enceshinhahsinglehstudy.hComplexitieshtendhtohbehcontrolledhand,hifhpossible,heliminatedhrathe
rhthanhstudiedhdirectly,handhthish narrownessh ofhfocush canhsometimeshobscureh insights.
9. Theh classich scientifich methodh hash itsh intellectualh rootsh inh whichh ofhtheh following?
A) Positivism
B) Determinism
C) Constructivism
D) Empiricismh
Ans:h A
Pageh3
CHAPTERh1
1. Whichhofhthehfollowinghgroupshwouldhbehbesthservedhbyhthehdevelopmenth ofhahscientifichbaseh
forh nursingh practice?
A) Nursingh administrators
B) Practicingh nurses
C) Nurses'hclients
D) Healthhcarehpolicymakers
Ans:hChFe
edback:
Nursingh researchhishsystematich inquiryh designedh tohdevelophtrustworthyh evidenceh abouthis
suesh ofhimportanceh tohnursesh andhtheirh clients.h Nursehleadersh recognizeh theh needhtohbasehspe
cifichnursinghdecisionshonhevidencehindicatinghthaththehdecisionsharehclinicallyhappropriate,h
cost-
effective,handhresulthinhpositivehclienthoutcomes.hAlthoughhallhofhthehpeoplehlistedhwouldhb
enefithfromhthehdevelopmenth ofhahscientifich basehforhnursinghpractice,hultimatelyhithishthehcli
entshthemselvesh whohwouldh mosthbenefit,h ashtheyh wouldhthenh receiveh theh mosth appropriat
eh andh mosth effectiveh care.
2. Anhespeciallyh importanth goalhforh theh nursingh professionh ishtoh dohwhichh ofhtheh following?
A) Conducth researchh tohbetterh understandh theh contexth ofhnursingh practice
B) Establishh ahsolidh baseh ofhevidenceh forh practiceh throughh disciplinedh research
C) Documenth thehrolehnursingh serveshinhsociety
D) Establishh researchhpriorities
Ans:hBhFe
edback:
Nursesharehincreasinglyhexpectedhtohunderstandhandhundertakehresearchhandhtohbasehtheirhpra
cticehonhevidencehfromhresearch.hEvidence-
basedhpracticehishthehusehofhthehbesthevidenceh inhmakingh patienth carehdecisionsh andhtypicall
yh comeshfromhresearchhconductedhbyhnursesh andh otherhhealth-
careh professionals.h Allh ofhtheh otherh answersh arehpossibleh goalshforhtheh nursingh profession,h b
uth noneh ish ashimportanthashestablishingh evidenceh forh practice.
3. Whichh ofhtheh followinghish ahfundamentalh beliefh ofhthoseh whoh holdh tohtheh constructivisthpa
radigm?
A) Ahfixedhrealityh existsh inh natureh forh humansh tohunderstand
B) Theh natureh ofhrealityhhash changedh overh time
C) Realityh ish multiplyh constructedh andhmultiplyh interpretedh byhhumans
D) Realityh cannoth behstudiedh empirically
Ans:hChFe
edback:
Inhthehconstructivisth paradigm,h ithishassumedh thathrealityh ishnothahfixedh entityh buthishratherhah
constructionhofhhumanh minds,h andhthush“truth”h ishahcompositeh ofhmultipleh constructionshofhre
ality.h However,h constructivistsh dohbelieveh thath realityh canhbehstudiedh empirically.
Beliefhinhahfixedhrealityhthathexistshinhnaturehforhhumanshtohunderstandh wouldh behanhexample
hofhahpositivisthbelief,hnothahconstructivisthone.hThehconstructivisthbeliefhdoeshnothholdh soh much
Pageh1
,hthath theh natureh ofhrealityhhash changedhoverh timeh ashthath ith hash alwaysh beenhconstructedh byh
humanh minds.
Pageh2
,FINALhNURSINGhRESERCHh TESTBANK
4. Whichh ofhtheh followinghish ahfundamentalh beliefh ofhthoseh whoh holdh tohtheh positivisthpa
radigm?
A) Theh researcherh ish objectiveh andh independenthofhthoseh beingh studied
B) Thehresearcherhcannothinteracth withhthosehbeinghstudied
C) Thehresearcherhinstructshthosehbeinghstudiedhtohbehobjectivehinhprovidinghinf
ormation
D) Thehdistancehbetweenhthehresearcherhandhthosehbeinghresearchedh ishminimizedh tohe
nhanceh theh interactiveh process
Ans:hAhFe
edback:
Inhtheh positivisth paradigm,h ithish assumedh thath thereh ishanhobjectiveh realityh andhthath naturalhp
henomenaharehregularhandhorderly.hInhthehconstructivisthparadigm,hithishassumedh thathrealityhi
shnothahfixedh entityh buthishratherhahconstructionh ofhhumanh minds,h andhthush “truth”hish ahcomp
ositeh ofhmultiplehconstructionsh ofhreality.
5. Whichhofhthehfollowinghattributeshishleasthcharacteristichofhthehtraditionalhscientifichmet
hod?
A) Controlhoverhexternalh factors
B) Systematich measurementh andh observationh ofhnaturalh phenomena
C) Testingh ofhhunchesh deducedh fromh theoryh orhpriorh research
D) Emphasish onhahholistich viewh ofhahphenomenon,h studiedh inh ahrichh context
Ans:hDhFe
edback:
Quantitativehresearchh(associatedhwithhpositivism)hinvolvesh thehcollectionhandhanalysishof
hnumerich information.h Quantitativeh researchh ish typicallyh conductedh withinh thehtraditionalhs
cientifichmethod,hwhichhishsystematichandhcontrolled.hQuantitativehresearchersh basehtheirh
findingsh onhempiricalh evidenceh (evidenceh collectedh byhwayhofhthehhumanh senses)h andhstri
veh forh generalizabilityh beyondh ahsingleh settingh orhsituation.
Constructivisthresearchersh emphasizeh understandingh humanh experienceh ashith ishlivedhthrough
h thehcollectionh andh analysish ofhsubjective,h narrativeh materialsh usingh flexiblehprocedures;h t
hish paradigmh ish associatedh withh qualitativeh research.
6. Empiricismh refersh tohwhichh ofhthehfollowing?
A) Makingh generalizationsh fromhspecifich observations
B) Articulatingh ahstudyh purposeh inh termsh ofhanhappropriateh classificationh system
C) Gatheringh evidenceh abouthreal-worldh phenomenah throughh thehsenses
D) Verifyingh thehassumptionshonhwhichh theh studyh washbasedh
Ans:h C
Pageh3
, Feedback:
Empiricismh ishgatheringh andhanalyzingh evidenceh throughh theirh senses.hQuantitativehres
earchhinvolveshthehcollectionhandhanalysishofhnumerichinformation.hQuantitativehresearchhisht
ypicallyhconductedhwithinhthehtraditionalhscientifichmethod,hwhichhishsystematich andhco
ntrolled.h Quantitativeh researchersh basehtheirh findingsh onhempiricalhevidenceh andh striveh for
h generalizabilityh beyondh ahsinglehsettingh orhsituation.
Constructivisthresearchersh emphasizeh understandingh humanh experienceh ashith ishlivedhthrough
h thehcollectionh andh analysish ofhsubjective,h narrativeh materialsh usingh flexiblehprocedures;h t
hish paradigmh ish associatedh withh qualitativeh research.
7. Whichh ofhtheh followinghish ahhallmarkh ofhtheh scientifich method?
A) Rigorous
B) Holistic
C) Systematic
D) Flexible
Ans:hChFe
edback:
Quantitativehresearchhishtypicallyhconductedhwithinhthehtraditionalhscientifichmethod,hwh
ichhishsystematichandhcontrolled.hQuantitativehresearchershbasehtheirhfindingshonhempiricalh
evidencehandhstrivehforhgeneralizabilityhbeyondhahsinglehsettinghorhsituation.hConstructivisthre
searchershemphasizehunderstandinghhumanhexperiencehashithishlivedhthroughh thehcollection
h andhanalysish ofhsubjective,h narrativeh materialsh usingh flexiblehprocedures;h thish paradi
gmh ish associatedh withh qualitativeh research.
8. Whichh ofhtheh followinghlimitsh theh capacityh ofhtheh scientifichmethodh toh answerh questionshab
outh humans?
A) Theh necessityh ofhdepartinghfromh traditionalh beliefs
B) Theh difficultyhofhaccuratelyh measuringh complexh humanh traits
C) Theh lackh ofhfundingh forh research
D) Theh shortageh ofhtheorieshhabouthhumanhbehavior
Ans:hBhFe
edback:
Nursingh researchhfocusesh onhhumanh beings,h whoh arehinherentlyh complicatedhandhdiverse.hT
hehtraditionalhscientifichmethodhtypicallyhfocuseshonhahrelativelyhsmallhaspecthofhhumanhexperi
enceshinhahsinglehstudy.hComplexitieshtendhtohbehcontrolledhand,hifhpossible,heliminatedhrathe
rhthanhstudiedhdirectly,handhthish narrownessh ofhfocush canhsometimeshobscureh insights.
9. Theh classich scientifich methodh hash itsh intellectualh rootsh inh whichh ofhtheh following?
A) Positivism
B) Determinism
C) Constructivism
D) Empiricismh
Ans:h A
Pageh3
