CONTENTS
SUBJECT PAGE
LaboratoryjInformation 2
LaboratoryjSafety 3
LaboratoryjReports 8
SignificantjFigures 9
Experimentj1:jChemicaljSafetyj–jIntroductionjtojWHMIS,jExperiment 11
SafetyjChecksjandj introductionjtojWHMISj2015
Experimentj2:jGravimetricjDeterminationjofjCalciumjasjCaC2O4.H2O 40
Experimentj3:jOxidation-ReductionjTitration:DeterminationjofjFe(II) 45
Experimentj4:jOxidationjReductionjReactions 51
Experimentj5:jDeterminationjofjthejPercentagejPurityjofjajSamplejof 58
SodiumjCarbonatejbyjBackjTitration
Experimentj6:jQualitativejAnalysisjofjthejSulfate,jCarbonate,jChloride 64
andjIodidejAnions
Experimentj7:jSpectrophotometricjDeterminationjofjajBluejFoodjDye 69
Experimentj8:jAnalysisjofjAlkalijandjAlkalinejEarthjMetalsjinjSeajWater 75
Experimentj9:jReactionsjofjOrganicjCompoundsj(PartjI) 83
Experimentj10:jReactionsjofjOrganicjCompoundsj(PartjII) 89
1
,CHEMISTRYj1121jLABORATORYjINFORMATION
WelcomejtojthejChemistryj1121jlaboratory.j Wejhopejyoujenjoyjthejcoursejandjfindjthejinformationjta
ughtjinterestingjandjvaluable.jThejChemistryj1121jlaboratoryjisjdesignedjtojcoverjthejbasicsjofjintrod
uctoryjchemistryjlaboratoryjtechniquesjandjbuildjajfoundationjinjchemicaljsafety.j Yourjcoursejoutlin
ejprovidesjsubstantialjinformationjregardingjthejlaboratoryjcomponentjofjthisjcourse;jpleasejreferjtojit
jforjthejexactjdatesjofjthejlaboratoryjsessionsjandjcurrentjcoursejpolicies.
LaboratoryjAttendance
Laboratoryjattendancejisjessentialjandjmandatory,jasjmissedjlabsjcannotjnormallyjbejmadejupjduejtojti
mejconstraints.jStudentsjarejexpectedjtojbejinjthejlabjonjtimejasjnecessaryjsafetyjandjproceduraljinfor
mationjisjprovidedjatjthejbeginningjofjthejlab.jExceptionsj(make-
upjlabs)jwilljonlyjbejmadejinjextraordinaryjcircumstancesjandjwithjadvancejnotification.j Makejupj
labsjhavejtojbejscheduledjwithjthejinstructorj–
jotherwisejaj“zero”jwilljbejgrantedjwithoutjexception.jLabjmissedjduejtojillnessjwilljrequirejajnotejfro
mjajphysician.jItjisjcurrentjpolicyjtojhavejonlyjonejdayjatjthejendjofjtermjtojcompletejanyjmissedjlabs.
Pre-LaboratoryjPreparation
Forjeachjexperiment,jyoujmayjbejrequiredjtojpreparejajflowchartjthatjoutlinesjthejexperimentaljstepsjt
hatjwilljbejconductedjduringjthejcoursejofjthejlab.jNote:jInjthejpastjinstructorsjhavejrequiredjajflowcha
rtjforjeachjofjthejlabsjwhichjmustjbejsignedjduringjthejlab.j Pleasejensurejyoujarejawarejofjyourjinstruct
or’sjcurrentjpolicy.
LaboratoryjQuizzes
Therejmayjbejajquizjatjthejbeginningjofjajlab.jPleasejcheckjwithjyourjinstructorjregardingjtheirjpolicyj
onjlabjquizzes.
LaboratoryjNotejBooksjandjDatajSheets
Instructorsjhavejrequiredjthatjstudentsjcollectjtheirjdatajinjajboundjnotejbook.jRememberjtojrecordjdat
ajinjinkjinjyourjlabjbookjasjyoujdojthejexperiment.jAlljdatajmustjbejlabeledjandjhavejbothjthejcorrectj
unitsjandjnumberjofjsignificantjfiguresjforjthatjmeasurement.jPleasejaskjforjclarificationjifjyoujarejuns
urejhowjinformationjshouldjbejrecorded.j Yourjdatajsheet/notebookjmayjneedjtojbejsignedjbyjonejofjth
ejinstructorsjatjthejendjofjthejlabjperiodjtojreceivejajgradejforjeachjlabjreport.jThisjnotjonlyjvalidatesjth
ejdatajbutjalsojallowsjthejinstructorjtojcheckjifjyouj havejrecordedjalljthejinformationjneededjtojcomple
tejthejlabjreport.jPleasejensurejthatjyoujarejawarejofjyourjinstructor’sjexpectations.
2
,CHEMISTRYj1121jLABORATORYjSAFETY
PolicyjonjSafetyjandjBreakage
Beforejworkingjinjthejlaboratoryjportionjofjthejcourse,jeveryjstudentjmustjreadjthej“LaboratoryjSafet
y”jrulesjinjthejlaboratoryjmanualjplusjanyjDepartmentaljRulesjandjagreejinjwritingjtojabidejbyjthesejru
les.jItjisjimperativejforjyourjsafetyjthatjyoujandjeveryonejaroundjyoujstrictlyjadherejtojthejSafetyjRules
.jBeforejyoujarejablejtojparticipatejinjthejcoursejlaboratoriesjajSAFETYjCONTRACTjandjCONTA
CTjLENSjSAFETYjCONTRACTjwilljneedjtojbejsigned.
Failurejtojcomplyjwithjthejsafetyjregulationsj(e.g.,jbyjnotjwearingjeyejprotectionjatjalljtimes;jbyjweari
ngjopen-
toedjshoes,jshortjskirtsjorjshortsjwithoutjalsojwearingjajlabjcoatjorjapron;jbyjrunningjanjunauthorizedje
xperiment;jorjbyjremovingjchemicalsjorjequipmentjfromjthejlab)jmayjresultjinjnotjbeingjallowedjtojpe
rformjthejlaboratoryjexercisejorjdismissaljfromjthisjportionjofj thejcourse.
YoujwilljbejutilizingjequipmentjfurnishedjbyjthejChemistryjDepartment.jItjisjyourjresponsibilityjtojpr
operlyjmaintainjthejequipmentjwhilejitjisjinjyourjcare.jIfjequipmentjthatjhasjbeenjentrustedjtojyoujisjno
tjreturnedjinjsatisfactoryjcondition,jyoujwilljbejheldjresponsiblejforjit.
GeneraljRulesjofjSafety
1. Actjresponsibly,jconcentratejonjthejactivity,jlistenjandjbejawarejofjpotentialjhazardsjinjthej classr
oomjtojyoujandjyourjpartners.
2. Ifjyoujhavejanyjquestionsjregardingjchemicals,jflames,jthejusejofjglassware,jequipmentjetc.jpleas
ejask!
3. Informjyourjinstructorjorjlaboratoryjdemonstratorjofjanyjaccidentsjorjincidents.
LocationjofjEyewashjStation,jEmergencyjShowerjandjFirejExtinguisher/Blanket
1. Anjeyewashjstationjisjlocatedjinjthejclassroom.j Thisjstationjwilljbejdemonstratedjtojyoujbeforejyo
ujbeginjyourjfirstjlabjactivity.j Ifjchemicalsjgetjinjyourjeyesjtheyjmustjbejflushedjwithjwaterjforjatjl
eastj20jminutes.
2. Thejemergencyjshowerjisjlocatedjinjroomj3256.j Therejisjajdoorjinjroomj3252jtojallowjaccessjtojth
ejemergencyjshower.jThejemergencyjshowerjisjtojbejusedjinjcasejofjajlargejspilljtojthejbody.
3. Ajsafetyjdrenchjhosejisjlocatedjinjroomj3252.j Usejofjthisjdrenchjhosejwilljbejdemonstratedjtojyouj
beforejyoujbeginjyourjfirstjlabjactivity.
4. Firejextinguishersjarejavailablejinjcasejofjfire.jIfjajfirejalarmjgoesjoffjfollowjyourjinstructorjoutjofjt
hejbuildingjandjgatherjoutsidejatjChinajCreekjPark.
5. Ajfirejblanketjisjalsojavailablejtojextinguishjclothesjfires.jStop,jDrop,jRoll!jIsjthejpreferredjmetho
djofjextinguishingjfiresjtojthejbody.jWrapjthejblanketjaroundjthejpersonjandjsmotherjthejflames.
3
, FirstjAidjandjEmergencies
Informjyourjinstructorjorjlabjdemonstratorjofjanyjaccidentsjorjinjuries.jIfjnecessary,jtheyjwilljcontactjc
ampusjsecurityj(securityjphonesjarejinstalledjinjthejlaboratory)jforjfirstjaidjorjotherjmedicaljemergen
cies.
PersonaljProtectivejEquipment
EYEjPROTECTIONjMUSTjBEjWORNjATjALLjTIMESjWHILEjYO
UjAREjINjTHEjLABORATORY.jSTUDENTSjWILLjNOTjBE
ALLOWEDjTOjDOjANjEXPERIMENTjWITHOUTjSAFETYjGOGGLES.
1. Adequatejeyejprotectionjisjrequiredjforjalljindividualsjworkingjinjthejlaboratory.jDojnotjremovejy
ourjeyejprotectionjuntiljyoujhavejphysicallyjleftjthejlaboratoryjroom.jSafetyjgoggles,jthatjwilljfor
mjajtightjsealjtojyourjface,jarejthejrequiredjformjofjeyejprotection.jIfjyoujmustjwearjprescriptionjgla
ssesjwearjthemjunderjsafetyjgoggles.
NOTE:jContactjlensesjarejajprovenjhazardjandjshouldjnotjbejwornjinjthejlaboratoryjarea.jIfjchemicalsj
arejsplashedjintojthejeyes,jtheyjcanjbecomejtrappedjunderjhardjlensesjorjabsorbedjbyjsoftjlenses.jSom
ejchemicalsjcanjcausejcoagulationjofjthejproteinjinjthejeyejwithinjseconds.jSimilarly,jchemicaljvapors
jcanjbejtrappedjunderjhardjlensesjorjdissolvejintojsoftjlenses.jItjisjalsojextremelyj difficultjtojremovejlen
sesjifjsomethingjhasjbeenjsplashedjintojyourjeyes.
Contactjlensjwearersjhavejtwojoptionsjinjthejteachingjlaboratories:
A. Removejthejcontactjlensjbeforejenteringjthejlabjandjwearjsafetyjgogglesjorjprescriptionjglassesjun
derjsafetyjgoggles.
B. Ifjyoujcannotjreplacejthejcontactjlensjwithjprescriptionjglassesjandjyoujcannotjseejwelljenoughjwit
houtjthejlens,jyoujcanjwearjthejcontactjlensjintojthejlaboratoryjunderjajpairjofjsafetyjgogglesjbutjyo
ujmustjinformjyourjinstructorjthatjyoujarejwearingjthejlensjinjthejlaboratory.j WEj MUSTj KNOWj
THISj FACTj INj THEj EVENTj OFjANj INJURYj TOj YOUR
EYES.jThisjisjthejleastjdesirablejoption.
Forjsomejlaboratoriesj(particularlyjorganic),jwherejexposurejtojtoxicjorjirritatingjfumesjisjajrealjprob
lem,jcontactjlensjevenjunderjsafetyjgogglesjarejnotjrecommended.
NOTE:jSafetyjgogglesjneedjtojbejpurchased.
2. Labjcoatsjmustjbejworn.j Thesejcanjbejobtainedjfromjthejbookstore.j Labjcoatsjshouldjnotjbejwornj
outsidej thej laboratory.j Labj coatsj shouldj bej storedj separatelyj fromj otherj clothingj or
4
SUBJECT PAGE
LaboratoryjInformation 2
LaboratoryjSafety 3
LaboratoryjReports 8
SignificantjFigures 9
Experimentj1:jChemicaljSafetyj–jIntroductionjtojWHMIS,jExperiment 11
SafetyjChecksjandj introductionjtojWHMISj2015
Experimentj2:jGravimetricjDeterminationjofjCalciumjasjCaC2O4.H2O 40
Experimentj3:jOxidation-ReductionjTitration:DeterminationjofjFe(II) 45
Experimentj4:jOxidationjReductionjReactions 51
Experimentj5:jDeterminationjofjthejPercentagejPurityjofjajSamplejof 58
SodiumjCarbonatejbyjBackjTitration
Experimentj6:jQualitativejAnalysisjofjthejSulfate,jCarbonate,jChloride 64
andjIodidejAnions
Experimentj7:jSpectrophotometricjDeterminationjofjajBluejFoodjDye 69
Experimentj8:jAnalysisjofjAlkalijandjAlkalinejEarthjMetalsjinjSeajWater 75
Experimentj9:jReactionsjofjOrganicjCompoundsj(PartjI) 83
Experimentj10:jReactionsjofjOrganicjCompoundsj(PartjII) 89
1
,CHEMISTRYj1121jLABORATORYjINFORMATION
WelcomejtojthejChemistryj1121jlaboratory.j Wejhopejyoujenjoyjthejcoursejandjfindjthejinformationjta
ughtjinterestingjandjvaluable.jThejChemistryj1121jlaboratoryjisjdesignedjtojcoverjthejbasicsjofjintrod
uctoryjchemistryjlaboratoryjtechniquesjandjbuildjajfoundationjinjchemicaljsafety.j Yourjcoursejoutlin
ejprovidesjsubstantialjinformationjregardingjthejlaboratoryjcomponentjofjthisjcourse;jpleasejreferjtojit
jforjthejexactjdatesjofjthejlaboratoryjsessionsjandjcurrentjcoursejpolicies.
LaboratoryjAttendance
Laboratoryjattendancejisjessentialjandjmandatory,jasjmissedjlabsjcannotjnormallyjbejmadejupjduejtojti
mejconstraints.jStudentsjarejexpectedjtojbejinjthejlabjonjtimejasjnecessaryjsafetyjandjproceduraljinfor
mationjisjprovidedjatjthejbeginningjofjthejlab.jExceptionsj(make-
upjlabs)jwilljonlyjbejmadejinjextraordinaryjcircumstancesjandjwithjadvancejnotification.j Makejupj
labsjhavejtojbejscheduledjwithjthejinstructorj–
jotherwisejaj“zero”jwilljbejgrantedjwithoutjexception.jLabjmissedjduejtojillnessjwilljrequirejajnotejfro
mjajphysician.jItjisjcurrentjpolicyjtojhavejonlyjonejdayjatjthejendjofjtermjtojcompletejanyjmissedjlabs.
Pre-LaboratoryjPreparation
Forjeachjexperiment,jyoujmayjbejrequiredjtojpreparejajflowchartjthatjoutlinesjthejexperimentaljstepsjt
hatjwilljbejconductedjduringjthejcoursejofjthejlab.jNote:jInjthejpastjinstructorsjhavejrequiredjajflowcha
rtjforjeachjofjthejlabsjwhichjmustjbejsignedjduringjthejlab.j Pleasejensurejyoujarejawarejofjyourjinstruct
or’sjcurrentjpolicy.
LaboratoryjQuizzes
Therejmayjbejajquizjatjthejbeginningjofjajlab.jPleasejcheckjwithjyourjinstructorjregardingjtheirjpolicyj
onjlabjquizzes.
LaboratoryjNotejBooksjandjDatajSheets
Instructorsjhavejrequiredjthatjstudentsjcollectjtheirjdatajinjajboundjnotejbook.jRememberjtojrecordjdat
ajinjinkjinjyourjlabjbookjasjyoujdojthejexperiment.jAlljdatajmustjbejlabeledjandjhavejbothjthejcorrectj
unitsjandjnumberjofjsignificantjfiguresjforjthatjmeasurement.jPleasejaskjforjclarificationjifjyoujarejuns
urejhowjinformationjshouldjbejrecorded.j Yourjdatajsheet/notebookjmayjneedjtojbejsignedjbyjonejofjth
ejinstructorsjatjthejendjofjthejlabjperiodjtojreceivejajgradejforjeachjlabjreport.jThisjnotjonlyjvalidatesjth
ejdatajbutjalsojallowsjthejinstructorjtojcheckjifjyouj havejrecordedjalljthejinformationjneededjtojcomple
tejthejlabjreport.jPleasejensurejthatjyoujarejawarejofjyourjinstructor’sjexpectations.
2
,CHEMISTRYj1121jLABORATORYjSAFETY
PolicyjonjSafetyjandjBreakage
Beforejworkingjinjthejlaboratoryjportionjofjthejcourse,jeveryjstudentjmustjreadjthej“LaboratoryjSafet
y”jrulesjinjthejlaboratoryjmanualjplusjanyjDepartmentaljRulesjandjagreejinjwritingjtojabidejbyjthesejru
les.jItjisjimperativejforjyourjsafetyjthatjyoujandjeveryonejaroundjyoujstrictlyjadherejtojthejSafetyjRules
.jBeforejyoujarejablejtojparticipatejinjthejcoursejlaboratoriesjajSAFETYjCONTRACTjandjCONTA
CTjLENSjSAFETYjCONTRACTjwilljneedjtojbejsigned.
Failurejtojcomplyjwithjthejsafetyjregulationsj(e.g.,jbyjnotjwearingjeyejprotectionjatjalljtimes;jbyjweari
ngjopen-
toedjshoes,jshortjskirtsjorjshortsjwithoutjalsojwearingjajlabjcoatjorjapron;jbyjrunningjanjunauthorizedje
xperiment;jorjbyjremovingjchemicalsjorjequipmentjfromjthejlab)jmayjresultjinjnotjbeingjallowedjtojpe
rformjthejlaboratoryjexercisejorjdismissaljfromjthisjportionjofj thejcourse.
YoujwilljbejutilizingjequipmentjfurnishedjbyjthejChemistryjDepartment.jItjisjyourjresponsibilityjtojpr
operlyjmaintainjthejequipmentjwhilejitjisjinjyourjcare.jIfjequipmentjthatjhasjbeenjentrustedjtojyoujisjno
tjreturnedjinjsatisfactoryjcondition,jyoujwilljbejheldjresponsiblejforjit.
GeneraljRulesjofjSafety
1. Actjresponsibly,jconcentratejonjthejactivity,jlistenjandjbejawarejofjpotentialjhazardsjinjthej classr
oomjtojyoujandjyourjpartners.
2. Ifjyoujhavejanyjquestionsjregardingjchemicals,jflames,jthejusejofjglassware,jequipmentjetc.jpleas
ejask!
3. Informjyourjinstructorjorjlaboratoryjdemonstratorjofjanyjaccidentsjorjincidents.
LocationjofjEyewashjStation,jEmergencyjShowerjandjFirejExtinguisher/Blanket
1. Anjeyewashjstationjisjlocatedjinjthejclassroom.j Thisjstationjwilljbejdemonstratedjtojyoujbeforejyo
ujbeginjyourjfirstjlabjactivity.j Ifjchemicalsjgetjinjyourjeyesjtheyjmustjbejflushedjwithjwaterjforjatjl
eastj20jminutes.
2. Thejemergencyjshowerjisjlocatedjinjroomj3256.j Therejisjajdoorjinjroomj3252jtojallowjaccessjtojth
ejemergencyjshower.jThejemergencyjshowerjisjtojbejusedjinjcasejofjajlargejspilljtojthejbody.
3. Ajsafetyjdrenchjhosejisjlocatedjinjroomj3252.j Usejofjthisjdrenchjhosejwilljbejdemonstratedjtojyouj
beforejyoujbeginjyourjfirstjlabjactivity.
4. Firejextinguishersjarejavailablejinjcasejofjfire.jIfjajfirejalarmjgoesjoffjfollowjyourjinstructorjoutjofjt
hejbuildingjandjgatherjoutsidejatjChinajCreekjPark.
5. Ajfirejblanketjisjalsojavailablejtojextinguishjclothesjfires.jStop,jDrop,jRoll!jIsjthejpreferredjmetho
djofjextinguishingjfiresjtojthejbody.jWrapjthejblanketjaroundjthejpersonjandjsmotherjthejflames.
3
, FirstjAidjandjEmergencies
Informjyourjinstructorjorjlabjdemonstratorjofjanyjaccidentsjorjinjuries.jIfjnecessary,jtheyjwilljcontactjc
ampusjsecurityj(securityjphonesjarejinstalledjinjthejlaboratory)jforjfirstjaidjorjotherjmedicaljemergen
cies.
PersonaljProtectivejEquipment
EYEjPROTECTIONjMUSTjBEjWORNjATjALLjTIMESjWHILEjYO
UjAREjINjTHEjLABORATORY.jSTUDENTSjWILLjNOTjBE
ALLOWEDjTOjDOjANjEXPERIMENTjWITHOUTjSAFETYjGOGGLES.
1. Adequatejeyejprotectionjisjrequiredjforjalljindividualsjworkingjinjthejlaboratory.jDojnotjremovejy
ourjeyejprotectionjuntiljyoujhavejphysicallyjleftjthejlaboratoryjroom.jSafetyjgoggles,jthatjwilljfor
mjajtightjsealjtojyourjface,jarejthejrequiredjformjofjeyejprotection.jIfjyoujmustjwearjprescriptionjgla
ssesjwearjthemjunderjsafetyjgoggles.
NOTE:jContactjlensesjarejajprovenjhazardjandjshouldjnotjbejwornjinjthejlaboratoryjarea.jIfjchemicalsj
arejsplashedjintojthejeyes,jtheyjcanjbecomejtrappedjunderjhardjlensesjorjabsorbedjbyjsoftjlenses.jSom
ejchemicalsjcanjcausejcoagulationjofjthejproteinjinjthejeyejwithinjseconds.jSimilarly,jchemicaljvapors
jcanjbejtrappedjunderjhardjlensesjorjdissolvejintojsoftjlenses.jItjisjalsojextremelyj difficultjtojremovejlen
sesjifjsomethingjhasjbeenjsplashedjintojyourjeyes.
Contactjlensjwearersjhavejtwojoptionsjinjthejteachingjlaboratories:
A. Removejthejcontactjlensjbeforejenteringjthejlabjandjwearjsafetyjgogglesjorjprescriptionjglassesjun
derjsafetyjgoggles.
B. Ifjyoujcannotjreplacejthejcontactjlensjwithjprescriptionjglassesjandjyoujcannotjseejwelljenoughjwit
houtjthejlens,jyoujcanjwearjthejcontactjlensjintojthejlaboratoryjunderjajpairjofjsafetyjgogglesjbutjyo
ujmustjinformjyourjinstructorjthatjyoujarejwearingjthejlensjinjthejlaboratory.j WEj MUSTj KNOWj
THISj FACTj INj THEj EVENTj OFjANj INJURYj TOj YOUR
EYES.jThisjisjthejleastjdesirablejoption.
Forjsomejlaboratoriesj(particularlyjorganic),jwherejexposurejtojtoxicjorjirritatingjfumesjisjajrealjprob
lem,jcontactjlensjevenjunderjsafetyjgogglesjarejnotjrecommended.
NOTE:jSafetyjgogglesjneedjtojbejpurchased.
2. Labjcoatsjmustjbejworn.j Thesejcanjbejobtainedjfromjthejbookstore.j Labjcoatsjshouldjnotjbejwornj
outsidej thej laboratory.j Labj coatsj shouldj bej storedj separatelyj fromj otherj clothingj or
4
