Module IU b b
nit 1 b
1
AN INTRODUCTION TO PUBLICADMINS
b b b b
TRATION
Meaningb &b ScopebUn
itbStructureb-
0.1 Introduction
0.2 Definitionbofb PublicbAdminstration
0.3 ScopebofbPublicbAdminstration
0.4 Roleb andb Importanceb ofb Publicb Adminstration.
0.5 UnitbEndbQuestions
OBJECTIVE
PublicbAdminstrationbisbanbactivitybasboldbasbhumanbcivilization.bInb
modernbagebitbbecamebthebdominantbfactorbofblife.bTobStudybaboutb
meaning,bscopebandbimportancebofbPublicbAdminstrationbisbthebmainb
objectivebofbthisbunit.
1.1 INTRODUCTION
PublicbAdminstrationbasbindependentbSubjectbofbabsocialbsciencebh
asbrecentborigin.bTraditionlybPublicbAdminstrationbwasbconsideredba
sbabpartbofbpoliticalbscience.bButbinbModernbagebthebnaturebofbstate-
underbwentbchangebandbitbbecamebfrombpolicebstalebtobsocialbservic
ebstate.bAsbabconsequence,bthebPublicbAdminstration,birrespectiveb
ofbthebnaturebofbthebpoliticalbsystem,bhasbbecomebthebdominantbfact
orbofblife.bThebmodernbpoliticalbsystembisbessentiallyb‘bureaucratic’ba
ndbcharacterisedbbybthebrulebofbofficials.bHencebmodernbdemocracyb
hasbbeenbdescribedbasb‘executivebdemocracy’borb‘bupeaucraticbde
mocracy’.bThebadminstrativebbranch,bdescribedbasbcivilbserviceborbb
ureaucracybisbthebmostbsignificantbcomponentbofbgovernmentalbmac
hinerybofbthebstate.
1.2 Meaningb ofb Publicb Adminstrationb :-
AdministerbisbabEnglishbword,bwhichbisboriginatedbfrombthebLatinbwor
db‘ad’bandb‘ministrare’.bItbmeansbtobserveborbtobmanage.bAdminstrati
onbmeansbmangementbofbaffairs,bpublicborbprivate.
Variousb definitionsb ofb Publicb Adminstrationb areb asb follows-
1.2.1 :b Prof.bWoodrowb Wilson,bthebpioneerbofbtheb socialbsciencebofb
Publicbb Adminstrationbb saysbb inbb hisbb bookbb ‘Thebb studybb of Public
, 2
Adminstration’,bpublishedbinb1887b“PublicbAdminstrationbisbabdetaile
dbandbsystematicbapplicationbofblaw.”
1.2.2 :bAccordingbtobL.bD.bWhiteb“PublicbAdminstrationbconsistsbofballbt
hoseboperationsbhavingbforbtheirbpurposebthebfulfilmentbofbpublicbpol
icybasbdeclaredbbybauthority.”bBothbabovebdefinitionsbarebdonebfromb
traditionalbviewpointbandbrelatedbonlybtobthebfunctionsbandbactionsbo
fb Adminstration.
FollowingbthinkersbhavebtakenbabbroardbviewbwhilebdefiningbPublicb
Adminstrationb-
1.2.3 :bAccordingbtobSimonb-
“BybPublicbAdminstrationbisbmeantbthebactivitiesbofbthebexecutivebbr
b
anchesbofbthebnational,bstate,b&blocalbgovernments.”
AccordingbtobWilloughb-
b“PublicbAdminstrationbinbbroadestbsensebdenotesbthebworkbinvolve
dbinbthebactualbconductbofbgovernmentalbaffairs,bandbinbnarrowestbs
ensesbdenotesbtheboperationsbofbthebadministrativebbranchbonly.”
1.2.4 :bAccordingbtobGullickb-
“PublicbAdminstrationbisbthatbpartbofbthebsciencebofbadministrationbw
hichbhasbtobdobwithbgovernmentbandbthus,bconcernsbitselfbprimarilybwi
thbthebexecutivebbranchbwherebthebworkbofbthebgovernmentbisbdone.
”
1.2.5 :bAccordingbtobWaldob-
“PublicbAdminstrationbisbthebartbandbsciencebofbmangementbasbappli
edbtobthebaffairsbofbthebstate.”
1.2.6 :bMarshallbE.bDimockb-
“Administrationbisbconcernedbwithb‘what’bandb‘How’bofbthebgovernme
nt.bThebwhatbisbthebsubjectmatter,bthebtechnicalbknowledgebofbafield
tasks.bTheb‘How’bisbt
bwhichbenables bthebadministratorbtobperformbhisb
hebtechniquebofbmanagementbaccordingbtobwhichbco-
operativebprogrammesbarebcarriedbtobsuccess.”
2.2.7b:bConclusionb:-
AllbabovebmodernbdefinitionsbofbPublicbAdminstrationbemphasizebtheb
valuebbasedbcharacterbofbPublicbAdminstrationbandbPublicbAdminstr
ationbasbabsciencebandbartbofbadministration.bAbclosebscrutinbofbthebdef
initionsbrevealbthatbPublicbAdminstrationbhasbfollowingbimportantbch
aracteristicsborbfeatures.
1.2.8b :b Importantb characteristicsb ofb Publicb Adminstrationb :-
1. Itbisbpartbofbexecutivebbranchbofbgovernment.
2. Itbisbrelatedbwithbthebactivitiesbofbthebstate.
3. Itbcarriesboutbthebpublicbpolicies.
4. Itbrealisebbthebbaspirationsbbofbbthebbpeoplebbasbbformulatedbband
, 3
expressedbinbtheblaws.
5. Waldobandbotherbthinkersbinsistbonbthebcommitmentbandbdedica
tionbtobthebwellbbeingbofbthebpeople.bOtherwisebPublicbAdminstr
ationbbehavesbinbabmechanical,bimpersonalbandbinhumanbway.
6. PublicbAdminstrationbisbpoliticallybneutral.
1.3 : SCOPE OF PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION
b b b b
1.3.1 Introductionb:-
ThebviewsbofbL.D.bWhitebandbtraditionalistbonbthebonebhandbandbtho
sebofbGullickbandbthebscientificbmanagementbschoolbonbthebotherbhan
dbdifferbregardingbthebnaturebandbscopebofbPublicbAdminstration.bHen
ce,bwebshouldbunderstandbveriousbperspectivesbaboutbthebscopebofbP
ublicbAdminstration.
Scopeb:-
Followingbareb thebthreeb importantbperspectivesbaboutbtheb scopebofb
PublicbAdminstration.
1. Narrowb perspectiveb orb posdcordb perspective.
2. Broadb perspectiveb orb subjectmatterb view.
3. Prevailingbview.
1.3.3b:bNarrowbperspectiveborbposdcordbperspectiveb-
LutherbGullickbisbthebmainbexponentbofbthisbperspective.bAccordingbt
obhimbthebscopebofbpublicbadministrationbisbnarrowborblimited.bItbisbal
sob regardedb asb posdcordb view.b Itb insistb thatb theb PublicbAdmins
trationbisbconcernedbonlybwithbthosebaspectsbofbadministrationbwhic
hbarebrelatedbwithbthebexecutivebbranchbandbitsbsevenbtypesbofbadmi
nistrativebfunctions.
Theseb sevenb typesb ofb functionsb whichb showsb theb scopeb ofb Publicb
Adminstrationbarebasbfollowsb-
1. ‘P’bstandsbforbplanning
2. ‘O’bstandsbforborganization
3. ‘S’bstandsbforbstaffing.
4. ‘D’bstandsbforbDirecting.
5. ‘Co.’bstandsbforbCo-ordination.
6. ‘R’b standsb forb Reporting
7. ‘B’bstandsbforbBudgeting
1. ‘P’bstandsbforbPlanningb-
Planningb isb theb firstb stepb ofb Publicb Adminstration.b i.e.b workingb outbt
hebbroadboutlinebofbthebthingsbthatbneedbtobbebdone.
2. ‘O’bstandsbforborganizationb-
Itbmeansbestablishmentbofbthebformalbstructurebofbauthoritybthroughb
whichbthebworkbisbsub-divided,barrangedbandbco-
ordinatedbforbthebdefinedbobjective.
, 4
3. ‘S’bstandsbforbstaffingb-
Itbmeansbthebrecruitmentbandbtrainingbofbthebstaffbandbmaintenanceb
ofbfavourablebconditionsbofbworkbforbthebstaff.
4. ‘D’bstandsbforbDirectingb-
Itbmeansbthebcontinuousbtaskbofbmakingbdecisionsbandbembodyingbt
hembinbspecificbandbgeneralbordersbandbinstructions,bandbthusbguidi
ngbthebenterprise.
5. ‘Co’bstandsbforbCo-ordinationb-
Itbmeansbinterrelatingbthebvariousbpartsbofborganizationbsuchbasbbra
nches,bdivisions,bsectionsbofbthebworkbandbeliminationbofboverlappin
g.
6. ‘R’bstandsbforbReportingb-
Itbmeansbinformingbthebauthoritybtobwhombthebexecutivebisbresponsi
blebasbtobwhatbisbgoingbon.
7. ‘B’bstandsbforbBudgetingb-
Itbmeansbaccounting,bfiscalbplanningbandbcontrol.
Evaluationb-
POSDCORBbPerspectivebaboutbthebScopebofbPublicbAdminstrationbi
sb limitedb andb narrow.b Itb stressedb onb theb toolsb ofb PublicbAdmin
stration.bItbdoesbnotbshowbthebsubstancebofbadministration.bItbisbabtec
hniqueborientedbperspective,bnotbabsubjectboriented.
1.3.4b:
2. Broadbperspectiveborbsubjectb-borientedbperspectiveb:-
Prof.bWoodrowbWilson,bLbDbWhilebarebmainbexponentbofbthisbperspe
ctive.bTheybhavebtakenbabverybbroadbapproachbaboutbthebscopebofbP
ublicbAdminstration.
Accordingbtobthemb(A)bPublicbAdminstrationbcoversballbthreebbranch
esbofbthebgovernment.bLegislative,bExecutivebandbJudicialbandbtheirb
interrelationship.bLegislativeborganbmakesbtheblaws,bExecutiveborga
nbofbthebgovernmentbimplementsbtheblaws.bandbJudicialborganbofbthe
bgovernmentbinterpretsbtheblaws.bTherebisbinterrelationshipbbetween
bthesebthreeborgans.
B) ScopebofbPublicbAdminstrationbisblikebabcooperativebgroup.bItbco
nsistbofballbfrombclassbonebofficerbtobclassbfourbemployees.
C) PublicbAdminstrationbisbabpartbofbthebpoliticalbprocess.bItbhasbanbi
mportantbrolebinbthebformulationbofbpublicbpolicybatballblevels,bfrombn
ationalbtobgrassroot.b Itbisbcloselybassociatedbwithbnumerousbprivatebg
roupsbandbindividualsbinbprovidingbservicesbtobthebcommunity.bItbhas
bbeen binfluencedbinbrecentbyearsbby bthebhumanbrelationsbapproach.
nit 1 b
1
AN INTRODUCTION TO PUBLICADMINS
b b b b
TRATION
Meaningb &b ScopebUn
itbStructureb-
0.1 Introduction
0.2 Definitionbofb PublicbAdminstration
0.3 ScopebofbPublicbAdminstration
0.4 Roleb andb Importanceb ofb Publicb Adminstration.
0.5 UnitbEndbQuestions
OBJECTIVE
PublicbAdminstrationbisbanbactivitybasboldbasbhumanbcivilization.bInb
modernbagebitbbecamebthebdominantbfactorbofblife.bTobStudybaboutb
meaning,bscopebandbimportancebofbPublicbAdminstrationbisbthebmainb
objectivebofbthisbunit.
1.1 INTRODUCTION
PublicbAdminstrationbasbindependentbSubjectbofbabsocialbsciencebh
asbrecentborigin.bTraditionlybPublicbAdminstrationbwasbconsideredba
sbabpartbofbpoliticalbscience.bButbinbModernbagebthebnaturebofbstate-
underbwentbchangebandbitbbecamebfrombpolicebstalebtobsocialbservic
ebstate.bAsbabconsequence,bthebPublicbAdminstration,birrespectiveb
ofbthebnaturebofbthebpoliticalbsystem,bhasbbecomebthebdominantbfact
orbofblife.bThebmodernbpoliticalbsystembisbessentiallyb‘bureaucratic’ba
ndbcharacterisedbbybthebrulebofbofficials.bHencebmodernbdemocracyb
hasbbeenbdescribedbasb‘executivebdemocracy’borb‘bupeaucraticbde
mocracy’.bThebadminstrativebbranch,bdescribedbasbcivilbserviceborbb
ureaucracybisbthebmostbsignificantbcomponentbofbgovernmentalbmac
hinerybofbthebstate.
1.2 Meaningb ofb Publicb Adminstrationb :-
AdministerbisbabEnglishbword,bwhichbisboriginatedbfrombthebLatinbwor
db‘ad’bandb‘ministrare’.bItbmeansbtobserveborbtobmanage.bAdminstrati
onbmeansbmangementbofbaffairs,bpublicborbprivate.
Variousb definitionsb ofb Publicb Adminstrationb areb asb follows-
1.2.1 :b Prof.bWoodrowb Wilson,bthebpioneerbofbtheb socialbsciencebofb
Publicbb Adminstrationbb saysbb inbb hisbb bookbb ‘Thebb studybb of Public
, 2
Adminstration’,bpublishedbinb1887b“PublicbAdminstrationbisbabdetaile
dbandbsystematicbapplicationbofblaw.”
1.2.2 :bAccordingbtobL.bD.bWhiteb“PublicbAdminstrationbconsistsbofballbt
hoseboperationsbhavingbforbtheirbpurposebthebfulfilmentbofbpublicbpol
icybasbdeclaredbbybauthority.”bBothbabovebdefinitionsbarebdonebfromb
traditionalbviewpointbandbrelatedbonlybtobthebfunctionsbandbactionsbo
fb Adminstration.
FollowingbthinkersbhavebtakenbabbroardbviewbwhilebdefiningbPublicb
Adminstrationb-
1.2.3 :bAccordingbtobSimonb-
“BybPublicbAdminstrationbisbmeantbthebactivitiesbofbthebexecutivebbr
b
anchesbofbthebnational,bstate,b&blocalbgovernments.”
AccordingbtobWilloughb-
b“PublicbAdminstrationbinbbroadestbsensebdenotesbthebworkbinvolve
dbinbthebactualbconductbofbgovernmentalbaffairs,bandbinbnarrowestbs
ensesbdenotesbtheboperationsbofbthebadministrativebbranchbonly.”
1.2.4 :bAccordingbtobGullickb-
“PublicbAdminstrationbisbthatbpartbofbthebsciencebofbadministrationbw
hichbhasbtobdobwithbgovernmentbandbthus,bconcernsbitselfbprimarilybwi
thbthebexecutivebbranchbwherebthebworkbofbthebgovernmentbisbdone.
”
1.2.5 :bAccordingbtobWaldob-
“PublicbAdminstrationbisbthebartbandbsciencebofbmangementbasbappli
edbtobthebaffairsbofbthebstate.”
1.2.6 :bMarshallbE.bDimockb-
“Administrationbisbconcernedbwithb‘what’bandb‘How’bofbthebgovernme
nt.bThebwhatbisbthebsubjectmatter,bthebtechnicalbknowledgebofbafield
tasks.bTheb‘How’bisbt
bwhichbenables bthebadministratorbtobperformbhisb
hebtechniquebofbmanagementbaccordingbtobwhichbco-
operativebprogrammesbarebcarriedbtobsuccess.”
2.2.7b:bConclusionb:-
AllbabovebmodernbdefinitionsbofbPublicbAdminstrationbemphasizebtheb
valuebbasedbcharacterbofbPublicbAdminstrationbandbPublicbAdminstr
ationbasbabsciencebandbartbofbadministration.bAbclosebscrutinbofbthebdef
initionsbrevealbthatbPublicbAdminstrationbhasbfollowingbimportantbch
aracteristicsborbfeatures.
1.2.8b :b Importantb characteristicsb ofb Publicb Adminstrationb :-
1. Itbisbpartbofbexecutivebbranchbofbgovernment.
2. Itbisbrelatedbwithbthebactivitiesbofbthebstate.
3. Itbcarriesboutbthebpublicbpolicies.
4. Itbrealisebbthebbaspirationsbbofbbthebbpeoplebbasbbformulatedbband
, 3
expressedbinbtheblaws.
5. Waldobandbotherbthinkersbinsistbonbthebcommitmentbandbdedica
tionbtobthebwellbbeingbofbthebpeople.bOtherwisebPublicbAdminstr
ationbbehavesbinbabmechanical,bimpersonalbandbinhumanbway.
6. PublicbAdminstrationbisbpoliticallybneutral.
1.3 : SCOPE OF PUBLIC ADMINSTRATION
b b b b
1.3.1 Introductionb:-
ThebviewsbofbL.D.bWhitebandbtraditionalistbonbthebonebhandbandbtho
sebofbGullickbandbthebscientificbmanagementbschoolbonbthebotherbhan
dbdifferbregardingbthebnaturebandbscopebofbPublicbAdminstration.bHen
ce,bwebshouldbunderstandbveriousbperspectivesbaboutbthebscopebofbP
ublicbAdminstration.
Scopeb:-
Followingbareb thebthreeb importantbperspectivesbaboutbtheb scopebofb
PublicbAdminstration.
1. Narrowb perspectiveb orb posdcordb perspective.
2. Broadb perspectiveb orb subjectmatterb view.
3. Prevailingbview.
1.3.3b:bNarrowbperspectiveborbposdcordbperspectiveb-
LutherbGullickbisbthebmainbexponentbofbthisbperspective.bAccordingbt
obhimbthebscopebofbpublicbadministrationbisbnarrowborblimited.bItbisbal
sob regardedb asb posdcordb view.b Itb insistb thatb theb PublicbAdmins
trationbisbconcernedbonlybwithbthosebaspectsbofbadministrationbwhic
hbarebrelatedbwithbthebexecutivebbranchbandbitsbsevenbtypesbofbadmi
nistrativebfunctions.
Theseb sevenb typesb ofb functionsb whichb showsb theb scopeb ofb Publicb
Adminstrationbarebasbfollowsb-
1. ‘P’bstandsbforbplanning
2. ‘O’bstandsbforborganization
3. ‘S’bstandsbforbstaffing.
4. ‘D’bstandsbforbDirecting.
5. ‘Co.’bstandsbforbCo-ordination.
6. ‘R’b standsb forb Reporting
7. ‘B’bstandsbforbBudgeting
1. ‘P’bstandsbforbPlanningb-
Planningb isb theb firstb stepb ofb Publicb Adminstration.b i.e.b workingb outbt
hebbroadboutlinebofbthebthingsbthatbneedbtobbebdone.
2. ‘O’bstandsbforborganizationb-
Itbmeansbestablishmentbofbthebformalbstructurebofbauthoritybthroughb
whichbthebworkbisbsub-divided,barrangedbandbco-
ordinatedbforbthebdefinedbobjective.
, 4
3. ‘S’bstandsbforbstaffingb-
Itbmeansbthebrecruitmentbandbtrainingbofbthebstaffbandbmaintenanceb
ofbfavourablebconditionsbofbworkbforbthebstaff.
4. ‘D’bstandsbforbDirectingb-
Itbmeansbthebcontinuousbtaskbofbmakingbdecisionsbandbembodyingbt
hembinbspecificbandbgeneralbordersbandbinstructions,bandbthusbguidi
ngbthebenterprise.
5. ‘Co’bstandsbforbCo-ordinationb-
Itbmeansbinterrelatingbthebvariousbpartsbofborganizationbsuchbasbbra
nches,bdivisions,bsectionsbofbthebworkbandbeliminationbofboverlappin
g.
6. ‘R’bstandsbforbReportingb-
Itbmeansbinformingbthebauthoritybtobwhombthebexecutivebisbresponsi
blebasbtobwhatbisbgoingbon.
7. ‘B’bstandsbforbBudgetingb-
Itbmeansbaccounting,bfiscalbplanningbandbcontrol.
Evaluationb-
POSDCORBbPerspectivebaboutbthebScopebofbPublicbAdminstrationbi
sb limitedb andb narrow.b Itb stressedb onb theb toolsb ofb PublicbAdmin
stration.bItbdoesbnotbshowbthebsubstancebofbadministration.bItbisbabtec
hniqueborientedbperspective,bnotbabsubjectboriented.
1.3.4b:
2. Broadbperspectiveborbsubjectb-borientedbperspectiveb:-
Prof.bWoodrowbWilson,bLbDbWhilebarebmainbexponentbofbthisbperspe
ctive.bTheybhavebtakenbabverybbroadbapproachbaboutbthebscopebofbP
ublicbAdminstration.
Accordingbtobthemb(A)bPublicbAdminstrationbcoversballbthreebbranch
esbofbthebgovernment.bLegislative,bExecutivebandbJudicialbandbtheirb
interrelationship.bLegislativeborganbmakesbtheblaws,bExecutiveborga
nbofbthebgovernmentbimplementsbtheblaws.bandbJudicialborganbofbthe
bgovernmentbinterpretsbtheblaws.bTherebisbinterrelationshipbbetween
bthesebthreeborgans.
B) ScopebofbPublicbAdminstrationbisblikebabcooperativebgroup.bItbco
nsistbofballbfrombclassbonebofficerbtobclassbfourbemployees.
C) PublicbAdminstrationbisbabpartbofbthebpoliticalbprocess.bItbhasbanbi
mportantbrolebinbthebformulationbofbpublicbpolicybatballblevels,bfrombn
ationalbtobgrassroot.b Itbisbcloselybassociatedbwithbnumerousbprivatebg
roupsbandbindividualsbinbprovidingbservicesbtobthebcommunity.bItbhas
bbeen binfluencedbinbrecentbyearsbby bthebhumanbrelationsbapproach.
